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Instruction in phonemic awareness (PA) involves teaching children to focus on and manipulate phonemes in spoken syllables and words. ... Programs in all of the studies provided explicit instruction in phonemic awareness.
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Appropriate screening measures for the second semester of kindergarten include measures that are strong predictors of a student's successful response to explicit phonemic awareness instruction or beginning reading acquisition.
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Phonemic awareness instruction should be ongoing in any kindergarten or first-grade classroom. One aspect of phonemic awareness is the ability to isolate and identify specific phonemes. These isolated sounds can then be connected to written letterforms.
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Here are some of the highlights from the evidence-based research on phonemic awareness instruction: ... Phonemic awareness instruction helps children learn to read. It improves the ability to read words and comprehend what is read.
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This mandate to use evidence-based research as the basis for making decisions about reading instruction was advanced by the work of the National Reading Panel (NRP), assigned by Congress in 1997 to review the available research.
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Phonemic awareness instruction is a means to an end, not an end in itself. It should be oriented toward helping children gain insight about the relationship between spoken sounds and letters. ... Phonemic awareness should not be the entire reading program.
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The following recommendations for instruction in phonemic awareness are derived from Spector (1995): ... Spector, Janet E. (1995) "Phonemic Awareness Training: Application of Principles of Direct Instruction." Reading and Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties, 11(1), 37-52. EJ 496 026...
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Abstract from Ehri, L.C., Nunes, S.R., Willows, D.M., Schuster, B., Yaghoub-Zadeh, Z., & Shanahan, T. (2001). Phonemic Awareness Instruction Helps Children Learn to Read: Evidence From the National Reading Panel's Meta-Analysis.
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Researchers have found that phonemic awareness is the one area of instruction that has been missing, or that may have been inadequately addressed with struggling kindergarten and first grade students. Phonemic awareness is not phonics.
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Phonemic awareness instruction helps students make the connection between letters and sounds. During reading and spelling activities, students begin to combine their knowledge of phonemic awareness and phonics.
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