Formula Latitude Longitude from Northing Easting

Unlike latitude and longitude, there is no physical frame of reference for UTM grids. Latitude is determined by the earth's polar axis. Longitude is determined by the earth's rotation. If you can see the stars and have a sextant and a good clock set to Greenwich time, you can find your latitude and longitude. UTM grids, on the other hand, are created by laying a square grid on the earth. This means that different maps will have different grids depending on the datum used. US military maps of Germany shift their UTM grids by about 300 meters when a more modern datum was used for the maps. Also, old World War II era maps of Europe apparently used a single grid for all of Europe and grids in some areas are wildly tilted with respect to latitude and longitude. The two basic references for converting UTM and geographic coordinates are U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395 and U. S. Army Technical Manual TM 5-241-8. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Learn more at http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/UsefulData/UTMFormulas.htm