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Defamation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In law, defamation –also called calumny , libel (for written words), slander (for spoken words), and vilification –is the communication of a statement that makes a claim, expressly stated or...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation |
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Parliamentary privilege - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Parliamentary privilege (also absolute privilege ) is a legal immunity enjoyed by members of certain legislatures, in which legislators are granted protection of civil or criminal liability for act...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_privilege |
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"Historically, the courts have recognized an absolute privilege against action for those participating in a trial. ... "Absolute privilege exists to protect freedom of speech in court proceedings. If absolute privilege applies, a person making a deliberate false statement is protected from civil suit.
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There are two types of privilege. Absolute privilege is an unassailable defence that only applies in certain limited cases. In contrast, the defence of qualified privilege will be lost where the defendant has been malicious (see below).
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‘An absolute privilege affords a speaker or writer immunity from liability for an otherwise defamatory statement to which the privilege applies, regardless of the motive with which the statement was made (see Park Knoll Assoc.
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A person who made a complaint to the police, instigating an investigation which did not lead to a prosecution, was entitled to rely on the defence of absolute privilege if proceedings were subsequently brought.
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Privilege is a special legal right or immunity granted to a person or persons. Absolute privilege is an immunity from lawsuit, usually a lawsuit for defamation, even if the action is wrong, malicious, or done with an improper motive.
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