Incumbency advantage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In political science incumbency advantage is the relative advantage an incumbent office holder has over his or her challengers in seeking reelection. In the United States, candidate-centered voting ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbency_advantage
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Congressional stagnation in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Congressional stagnation is an American political theory that attempts to explain the high rate of incumbency re-election to the United States House of Representatives. In recent years this rate has ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_stagnation_in_the_U... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_stagnation_in_the_United_States
In sum, incumbents tend to win because they enjoy significant advantages over their challengers. The widely-accepted conventional wisdom about these advantages is that they make congressional elections unfair.
www.cusdi.org/reelection.htm
The charts below show the enormous financial advantage enjoyed by incumbents. That's one of the reasons re-election rates are so high—incumbents generally don't have to work as hard to get their name and message out.
www.opensecrets.org/overview/incumbs.asp?cycle%3D2004
Title: "Using Term Limits to Estimate Incumbency Advantages When Incumbents Retire Strategically" ... Citation: Ansolabehere and Snyder; "Using Term Limits to Estimate Incumbency Advantages When Incumbents Retire Strategically", Legislative Studies Quarterly, Feb 2004...
dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/18102
In this book I first present a rational choice theory of expressive campaigning, in which candidates and their parties assess the pre-existing advantage incumbents hold before entering a race.
www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/rboatri1/bookpros.html
We compare the relative contribution that non-policy representational factors make to the electoral advantage that incumbents enjoy among their constituents.
prq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/56/3/259
Justices Decide Not to Add to Incumbents’ Advantages; Fair Courts E-lert ... Date of E-Lert – 01/05/00 ... The state high court rejected a proposal that would have allowed judicial candidates to start fundraising on January 1, 2000 for the November election.
www.brennancenter.org/content/elert/justices_decide_not... www.brennancenter.org/content/elert/justices_decide_not_to_add_to_incumbents_advantages/
The unbundling of the local loop in Germany has already brought immense advantages to consumers, says Mrs Schreiter. ... Germany: Consolidation may temper incumbents' advantages by Peter Purton; Published: January 15 2001 14:40GMT | Last Updated: January 16 2001 17:52GMT;
specials.ft.com/telecoms/january2001/FT3IMMGA0IC.html
"Communication Networks, Opinion Heterogeniety, and Incumbents? Advantages: A Study on the United States 2000 Congressional Election" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois, Apr 07, 2005 <Not Available>.
www.allacademic.com/meta/p86061_index.html
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