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Plants that depend on animals for dispersal have seeds that are adapted to traveling on the outside or the inside of the animal. Seeds with burrs or hooks can attach to an animal’s fur. For seeds that are transported internally, plants provide an attractive fruit pulp reward in return for the ride.
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www.cnr.uidaho.edu/range556/Appl_BEHAVE/projects/seed_d...
www.cnr.uidaho.edu/range556/Appl_BEHAVE/projects/seed_dispersal.html
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What does the word "dispersal" mean? Dispersal means scattering or distribution of something. ... The fruit is digested by the animal, but the seeds pass through the digestive tract, and are dropped in other locations. Some animals bury seeds, like squirrels with acorns, to save for later, but may not return to get the seed.
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www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/seed.html
www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/seed.html
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WHY DO SEEDS DISPERSE TO FORM NEW PLANTS? ... If the seeds simply fell and grew beneath the parent plants they would be too overcrowded and would be starved of nutrients. So it is important that the seeds are dispersed over a wide area where they stand a better chance of finding the right condition ... 3: Animal dispersal...
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www.zephyrus.co.uk/seeddispersal1.html
www.zephyrus.co.uk/seeddispersal1.html
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3. Animal dispersal: seeds of juicy fruits are carried by birds and other animals. The fruits are eaten, but only the juicy parts are digested, but only the juicy parts are digested. The stones and pips leave the animal's body via the droppings which may be some distance away from the parent plants.
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www.zephyrus.co.uk/seeddispersalanswer.html
www.zephyrus.co.uk/seeddispersalanswer.html
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Animals are an important part of seed dispersal in the forest. ... The trees plant their own seeds soon after they ripen, in the spring or the fall, but experience shows that it is best to keep the fall seeds over winter and plant them the following season when the conditions are most favorable.
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www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/A_Year_in_the_Wonde...
www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/A_Year_in_the_Wonderland_of_Trees_/animalsee_h.html
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THE DISPERSAL OF FRUITS AND SEEDS ... 2) The most common way of animal dispersion is produced by ingestion of fruits or seeds. Afterwards, they are excreted at a long distance from the initial point. Many seeds need to be ingested in orden to initiate germination.
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www.botanical-online.com/llavorangles1.htm
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Some of the ingenious adaptations for this method of wind dispersal include seeds that resemble parachutes, helicopters and gliders. In fact, ... Pollination is also accomplished by the wind (or water), and it may also involve insects in some of nature's most fascinating relationships between a plant and an animal.
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waynesword.palomar.edu/plfeb99.htm
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; Acer rubrum (red maple) - Maple fruits are winged, two-seeded samaras. They spin like helicopters as they fall from the tree, providing a longer time for dispersal by wind. ... ; The ripe capsule of Impatiens explodes when touched, scattering the small seeds away from the plant. ... Animal dispersal by hooked fruits...
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www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/fruit-seed-dispe...
www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/fruit-seed-dispersal.htm
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ADDITIONS TO "A REVIEW OF ANIMAL-MEDIATED SEED DISPERSAL OF PALMS" ... Nevertheless, these observations continue to demonstrate that palms are important (some would say "keystone") members of their communities and that a wide range of animals have the opportunity to disperse palm seeds.
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www.virtualherbarium.org/palms/psdispersal.html
www.virtualherbarium.org/palms/psdispersal.html
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