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The Nature of ATP | How to Make ATP | Learning Objectives | Terms | Links ... Enzymes in chemiosmotic synthesis are arranged in an electron transport chain that is embedded in a membrane. In eukaryotes this membrane is in either the chloroplast or mitochondrion.
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www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookATP.h...
www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookATP.html
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Step 2: Protons (indicated by + charge) enter back into the mitochondrial matrix through channels in ATP synthase enzyme complex. This entry is coupled to ATP synthesis from ADP and phosphate (Pi) ; Go to Animation of electron transport in Mitochondria...
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www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/anim/ATPmito.html
www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/anim/ATPmito.html
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Modern Biology / Biochemistry Flash Tutorials...
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telstar.ote.cmu.edu/biology/animation/ATPSynthesis/ATPS...
telstar.ote.cmu.edu/biology/animation/ATPSynthesis/ATPSynthesis_bc.html
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The catabolism (break down) of glucose by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle generates some of the ATP energy needed by an organism. This form of ATP synthesis is called substrate-level phosphorylation.
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www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animation...
www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/electron_transport/electron_transport.htm
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The F1Fo complex couples ATP synthesis to H + transport into the mitochondrial matrix. Transport of at least 3H+ per ATP synthesized is required, as estimated from a comparison of the following (calculated in the Tutorial):
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www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/oxphos...
www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/oxphos.htm
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The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis. ... Name ATP synthesis coupled proton transport ... GO:0042776 mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport...
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www.ebi.ac.uk/ego/DisplayGoTerm?id=GO:0015986
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The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP. ... Name ATP synthesis coupled electron transport ... GO:0042774 plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport...
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www.ebi.ac.uk/ego/DisplayGoTerm?id=GO:0042773
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Recent experiments demonstrate, however, that the chloroplast ATP synthase, like those of mitochondria and bacteria, requires a membrane potential for ATP synthesis. Hence, the membrane potential and proton gradient are not equivalent under normal operating conditions far from equilibrium.
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jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/203/1/51
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It is widely believed that reverse rotation of the -subunit, driven by proton flow through the associated Fo portion of ATP synthase, leads to ATP synthesis in biological systems1, 2, 3, 6, 7. Here we present direct evidence for the chemical synthesis of ATP driven by mechanical energy.
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www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature02212
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