Miscellany from a liberal atheist biology professor in rural Minnesota ... Another useful site: Dinos-to-Birds Transitional Series, which has a succinct summary of avian evolution, and includes the handy cladogram below that illustrates the distribution of feathers in transitional fossil specimens.
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pharyngula.org/index/weblog/comments/bird_cladogram/
pharyngula.org/index/weblog/comments/bird_cladogram/
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Birds are phylogenetically considered to be members of the theropod dinosaurs; their closest non-avian relatives are the dromaeosaurid theropods. The first known fossil bird is Archaeopteryx, ... A cladogram showing the systematic position of birds according to all three hypotheses is illustrated in figure two.
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www.geologyrocks.co.uk/tutorials/origin_and_early_evolu...
www.geologyrocks.co.uk/tutorials/origin_and_early_evolution_birds
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There is no guarantee that any given cladogram will not be revised or overturned by further study (new techniques are constantly being developed and revised); they are hypotheses that are meant to be tested, after all. ... ; Figure 1. Cladogram of bird evo1ution. Drawn by Alan Gishlick...
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www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/din.bird.html
www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/din.bird.html
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The first group that the bird cladogram can be divided into is the dinosaur group. This group is highlighted in the cladogram on the right side of this text. As you can see every animal on this cladogram is considered to be a dinosaur.
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geology.fullerton.edu/whenderson/Fal201L2005/Evolution%...
geology.fullerton.edu/whenderson/Fal201L2005/Evolution%20of%20Birds/new_page_1.htm
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Dinosaur Cladogram (plus all of the ornithodira, including lagosuchans, pterosaurs, and birds). ... Major Dinosaur Families Saurischian Dinosaurs; "Lizard-Hipped" Ornithischian Dinosaurs; "Bird-Hipped" Dinosaur Cladogram...
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www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/clades/Orn...
www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/clades/Ornithodira.shtml
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Major Dinosaur Families Saurischian Dinosaurs; "Lizard-Hipped" Ornithischian Dinosaurs; "Bird-Hipped" Dinosaur Cladogram ... A cladogram is a branching diagram that depicts species divergence from common ancestors. They show the distribution and origins of shared characteristics. Cladograms are testable hypotheses...
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www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinoclassi...
www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinoclassification/Classification.html
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Considered a triumph of the field of paleontology and the crown jewel of cladistic methodology is the proof of the dinosaurian origin of birds. ...
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC33564/
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Bird - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Birds (class Aves ) are winged, bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), vertebrate animals that lay eggs. There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates. Th...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird
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For review, the reason I said "cladogram" and not "cladograms" is that these are the same cladogram, just drawn a bit differently. In this cladogram, for example, a bird and crocodile are sister taxa, relative to a snake or lizard, or even more distantly related vertebrates.
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biology.fullerton.edu/biol404/phylo/cladogram_intro.htm...
biology.fullerton.edu/biol404/phylo/cladogram_intro.html
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