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The scars left behind on the stem as the bud scales are shed in the spring when the terminal bud breaks dormancy. Because this happens only once during the year for each stem, it is possible to determine the age of a stem by noting the number of different clusters of bud scale scars on the stem.
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www2.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botglosb.htm
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Dormant buds are often protected by bud scales.
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botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/Botany_130/Plant_morpholo...
botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/Botany_130/Plant_morphology/bud_scales.html
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bud (1) ... bud scale (plural bud scales) ... protective leaf: a scaly leaf that is part of a protective sheath around a plant bud and is sometimes hairy or resinous;
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encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861686801/bud_scale.html
encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861686801/bud_scale.html
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ISHS XXV International Horticultural Congress, Part 10: Application of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology and Breeding - In Vitro Culture. ... The influence of bud scales on bud break was dependent upon the stage of dormancy. Before the chilling requirement was satisfied, bud break was primarily regulated by factors within...
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www.actahort.org/books/520/520_22.htm
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The nutrients required for initial growth and producing the first leaves are taken from the bud scales' storage. The stem connects the roots to the leaves. Since the bulb scales are leaves the stem is very short in onions and remains below the soil surface.
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en.allexperts.com/q/Biology-664/onions.htm
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The transmission spectra of bud scales of 14 woody species and the 77 K fluorescence emission spectra of the innermost leaf primordia of closed and opened buds of 37 woody species were studied. ... Bud scales had low transmittance between 400 and 680 nm with a local minimum around 680 nm. Transmittance increased steeply...
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www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/16651257
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Structure, function and modifications in various types of stems. ... The apical meristem is protected at the tip of the twig, by the covering bud scales and by the leaf primordial. The leaf primordia are tiny embryonic leaves that will develop into mature leaves after bud scales drop off and growth commences.
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www.biology-online.org/11/3_stems.htm
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BUDS: End buds are long, slender, and pointed with many bud scales. The lateral buds are smaller, 2-ranked, and diverge at nearly right angles from the twig. ... TWIGS: Encircled by stipule scars at each leaf scar; true end bud.
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www.yale.edu/fes505b/beech.html
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