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Carper (1975) identified four ways of knowing in nursing that came to be known as the epistemology of nursing in the United States. The four ways of knowing include Empirics, the science of nursing; Ethics, the moral directives of nursing;
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stti.confex.com/stti/congrs06/techprogram/paper_27838.h...
stti.confex.com/stti/congrs06/techprogram/paper_27838.htm
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Carper's ways of knowing in nursing, empirics, esthetics, personal knowing, and ethics, provide a guide to holistic practice, education, and research. ...
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linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0029655407001832
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Barbara A. Carper, RN, EdD, is the author of the four fundamental concepts of "Ways of Knowing" that are most valued in the discipline of nursing.
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www.angelfire.com/ns/ninquiry/knowing1.html
www.angelfire.com/ns/ninquiry/knowing1.html
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This article briefly considers Carper's four ways of knowing to show how they can influence professional practice in general, and dealing with elder abuse in particular.
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www.contemporarynurse.com/archives/vol/12/issue/2/artic...
www.contemporarynurse.com/archives/vol/12/issue/2/article/1816/patterns-of-knowing-in-professional-practice-in
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or the simpler division (by Rhyl) into 'know-how' and 'know-that'. A third analysis (by Carper) suggests empirical, aesthetic, personal knowledge and ethical ways of knowing.
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www.allbusiness.com/health-care-social-assistance/ambul...
www.allbusiness.com/health-care-social-assistance/ambulatory-health/575674-1.html
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Carper identified personal knowing as one of the four ways of knowing in nursing. This article describes an innovative praxis strategy that used videotaped performances, learner feedback, and self-reflection to encourage personal knowing in relation to the experience of nursing students learning to teach groups of clients...
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www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/16562803
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You are trying to access the full-text version of "A theoretical analysis of Carper's ways of knowing using a model of social cognition". At the present time this paper is not available within ResearchGATE.
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www.researchgate.net/publication/13482002_A_theoretical...
www.researchgate.net/publication/13482002_A_theoretical_analysis_of_Carper's_ways_of_knowing_using_a_model_of_social_cognition
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Barbara Carper's Fundamental Ways of Knowing in Nursing (1978). (1 to 4 proposed by Carper; 5 and 6 proposed later by White (#5) and Johns (#6). ...
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www.virtualcurriculum.com/N3225/carper_waysofknowing.pd...
www.virtualcurriculum.com/N3225/carper_waysofknowing.pdf
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Four ways of knowing identified by Carper--empirical, ethical, esthetic, and personal knowing--unite to form a structure of knowing (5). These have been expanded upon by other theorists in nursing education. 1. Empirical knowing comes from theory and research that describes, explains, and predicts knowledge.
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goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-856778/Reflections-on-...
goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-856778/Reflections-on-caring-narratives-enhancing.html
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