Commas: Quick Rules ... Quick Guide to Commas ... The following is a short guide to get you started using commas. This resource also includes sections with more detailed rules and examples.
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/607/01/
1. Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of these seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet. ... 2. Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause.
owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_comma.html owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_comma.html
But "his wife" and "Eleanor" are so close that we can regard the entire phrase as one unit and leave out the commas. ... With the phrase turned around, however, we have a more definite parenthetical element and the commas are necessary: "Eleanor, his wife, suddenly decided to open her own business." Consider, also,
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/commas.htm grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/commas.htm
Commas help your reader figure out which words go together in a sentence and which parts of your sentences are most important. Using commas incorrectly may confuse the reader, signal ignorance of writing rules, or indicate carelessness.
www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/commas.html www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/commas.html
Use commas around words, phrases, and clauses in the middle of a sentence when they aren't essential to the meaning of the sentence. ... Use commas between items in a series. ... Use commas to set off geographical names, items in date, and professional titles.
leo.stcloudstate.edu/punct/comma.html leo.stcloudstate.edu/punct/comma.html
Comma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The comma (  ,  ) is a punctuation mark. It has the same shape as an apostrophe or single closing quotation mark in many typefaces, but it differs from them in being placed on the baseline of the ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma
To avoid confusion, use commas to separate words and word groups with a series of three or more. ... Use commas to surround degrees or titles used with names. Commas are no longer required around Jr. and Sr. Commas never set off II, III, and so forth.
www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp
2. Use commas to set off a nonrestrictive clause in the middle of a sentence, but not to set off a restrictive clause. Nonrestrictive clauses tell you something about the subject of a sentence, but they do not limit, or restrict, the meaning.
www.kentlaw.edu/academics/lrw/grinker/LwtaCommas.htm www.kentlaw.edu/academics/lrw/grinker/LwtaCommas.htm
Comma usage is in some respects a question of personal writing style: some writers use commas liberally, while others prefer to use them sparingly. Most modern North American style guides now recommend using fewer commas rather than more, so when faced with the option of using a comma or not, you may find it wise...
www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/comm... www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/comma.html