Cosmicopia at NASA/GSFC -- Cosmic Rays ... The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not imply the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe. Philip W. Anderson; Cosmic Rays in the News; Cosmic Ray Activities;
helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/cosmic.html helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/cosmic.html
Cosmic rays are high energy charged particles, originating in outer space, that travel at nearly the speed of light and strike the Earth from all directions. Most cosmic rays are the nuclei of atoms, ranging from the lightest to the heaviest elements in the periodic table.
www.srl.caltech.edu/personnel/dick/cos_encyc.html
One of the indirect observations we can make is the "composition" of GCRs. This can tell us a lot about the GCR sources and the cosmic rays' trip through the Galaxy. The "composition" of cosmic rays describes what fraction of cosmic rays are protons, what fraction are helium nuclei, etc.
imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/cosmic_rays.... imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/cosmic_rays.html
33. Cosmic Rays; 34. Energetic Particles; 35. Solar fast Particles ... Cosmic Rays and Starlight ... Actually, the source of cosmic rays is probably not quite as intense, because cosmic ray particles can stay around the galaxy much longer than starlight. Starlight moves in straight lines, one pass through our galaxy and it...
www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wcosray.html www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wcosray.html
Cosmic ray - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cosmic rays are energetic particles originating from outer space that impinge on Earth's atmosphere. Almost 90% of all the incoming cosmic ray particles are protons, almost 10% are helium nuclei (alp...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray
Cosmic rays affect satellite electronics and ground-based computer systems at high altitudes -- see Terrestrial Cosmic Rays and Soft Errors, IBM experiments in soft fails in computer electronics, IBM Journal, Vol.
www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/SOLAR/COSMIC_RAYS/cosmic.html www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/SOLAR/COSMIC_RAYS/cosmic.html
Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In high-energy physics, an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray ( UHECR ) or extreme-energy cosmic ray ( EECR ) is a cosmic ray (subatomic particle) which appears to have extreme kinetic energy, far b...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-energy_cosmic_ray
Cosmic Ray Observatory is studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays, the most energetic and rarest of particles in the universe. When these particles strike the earth's atmosphere, they produce extensive air showers made of billions of secondary particles.
www.auger.org/
Particles in Cosmic Rays ... Almost 90% of the cosmic rays which strike the Earth's atmosphere are protons (hydrogen nuclei) and about 9% are alpha particles. Electrons amount to about 1% according to Chaisson & McMillan. There is a small fraction of heavier particles which yield some interesting information.
hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Astro/cosmic.html hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Astro/cosmic.html