For example, suppose that the events c and e are effects of a common cause d. It is tempting to reason that there must be a causal dependence between c and e by engaging in the following piece of counterfactual reasoning: if c had not occurred, then it would have to have been the case that d did not occur, in which case...
plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-counterfactual/ plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-counterfactual/
In pretence one could argue that you need to understand alternatives to the here and now, and that might be a precursor to counterfactual reasoning about the here and now. From 1½ to 3 years, children's pretence becomes more sophisticated in terms of tracking the counterfactual consequences of pretence.
shamimkhaliq.50megs.com/Psychology/ChildDevelopment/The... shamimkhaliq.50megs.com/Psychology/ChildDevelopment/Theory_Of_Mind/counterfactual_reasoning.htm
In Counterfactual Reasoning 3 that case, educating analysts, strategists, and decision makers how to do counterfactual reasoning properly would be a vital task for anyone hoping to achieve "analytic transformation." Now, this central proposal is supported by three major claims about the role of counterfactual reasoning...
www.csl.army.mil/usacsl/publications/Hendrickson_Counte... www.csl.army.mil/usacsl/publications/Hendrickson_Counterfactual_Reasoning.pdf
Abstract: Salmet introduced a notion of hypothetical knowledge and showed how it could be used to capture the type of counterfactual reasoning necessary to force the backwards induction solution in a game of perfect information.
www.tark.org/proceedings/tark_jul22_98/p83-halpern.pdf
Counterfactual reasoning typically involves the entertaining of hypothetical states of affairs: the antecedent is believed or presumed to be ... Counterfactual reasoning is thus a form of modal reasoning, kindred to reasoning about necessity or possibility, and in contrast to reasoning about the way things actually are.
philrsss.anu.edu.au/people-defaults/alanh/papers/counte... philrsss.anu.edu.au/people-defaults/alanh/papers/counterfactual_reasoning.pdf
"Counterfactual Reasoning and International Institutions: A Closer Look at the Human Rights Regime" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association 67th Annual National Conference, The Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, <Not Available>.
www.allacademic.com/meta/p362594_index.html
"Toward a Solution to the Problem of Counterfactual Reasoning: Exploiting Evolution, Complexity, and Computers" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott, Loews Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 31, 2006 <Not Available>.
www.allacademic.com/meta/p150928_index.html
Counterfactual history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Counterfactual history , also sometimes referred to as virtual history , is a recent form of historiography which attempts to answer "what if" questions known as counterfactuals. It seeks to explor...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfactual_history
I believe there is a subtle issue here, which requires counterfactual reasoning. Consider this. ... Let me thank you for your beautiful paper "Counterfactual reasoning in time-symmetric quantum mechanics", quant-ph/0410076 v1 [Ref. 1]. This is the first paper on counterfactual reasoning, which I found readable,
www.god-does-not-play-dice.net/Miller.html
Such reasoning is a common test of the validity of claims in the social sciences and in historical studies. ... It might also identify other significant factors that modify or refute the claim. The weakness of counterfactual arguments is that they are inevitably speculative...
social.jrank.org/pages/1754/counterfactual-reasoning.ht... social.jrank.org/pages/1754/counterfactual-reasoning.html