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Illustration in Andrew Alpern, New York's Fabulous Luxury Apartments, with Original Floor Plans from the Dakota, River House, Olympic Tower, and Other Great Buildings (New York: Dover, 1987), 12. View Image; ... Floor plan of a dumbbell tenement, New York, N.Y. Collection of Andrew Dolkart; View Image;
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ci.columbia.edu/0240s/global/0243_2_media.html
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Arnold Eagle New York Tenement Life In The 30's and 40's ... The result was the "dumbbell" tenements, so named because the indentations of the air shaft created a building footprint that resembles the shape of a dumbbell weight.
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www.thirteen.org/tenement/eagle.html
www.thirteen.org/tenement/eagle.html
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Although the dumbbell did provide one window per room and airshafts admitted light and air into the floors of tenement buildings, because of the narrowness of the shafts and the height of the buildings, the shafts "simply [became] a stagnant well of foul air." More seriously, "tenants often use the air shaft as...
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www.livingcityarchive.org/htm/themes/tenements/1879.htm
www.livingcityarchive.org/htm/themes/tenements/1879.htm
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Thousands had been constructed by 1901. Although the dumbbell did provide one window per room and airshafts designed to admit light and air into the floors of tenement buildings, because of the narrowness of the shafts and the height of the buildings, the shafts "simply [became] a stagnant well of foul air." More...
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www.livingcityarchive.org/htm/decades/1870.htm
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cheap housing units created when cities became packed with people during the industrial revolution. They were called dumbbell tenements because the design of the building, which looked like a dumbbell, had many housing units sharing a corri...
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_Dumbbell_Tenements
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Dumbbell tenements, an improvement from their original designs, had air shafts and windows. Professional fire fighters were hired and sprinklers were made mandatory. Buildings began to be built out of stone, brick and concrete.
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www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_Urbanization.htm
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A decade later, the Tenement House Act of 1879 inaugurated the reign of the dumbbell tenement, so called for its distinctive shape when seen from above. The exterior walls of such buildings are indented between the front and back apartments, creating air shafts between adjacent buildings.
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www.thing.net/~lina/tenement.html
www.thing.net/~lina/tenement.html
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Dumbbell tenement Apartment buildings built to minimal codes and designed to cram the largest number of people into the smallest amount of space. The dumbbell indentation in the middle of the building, although unsightly, conformed to the...
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www.class.uh.edu/gl/glossary.htm
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There are fewer dumbbell tenements on the Lower East Side than in some other parts of the city because so many tenements like 97 Orchard Street had already been built in the neighborhood by 1879. The Tenement House Act of 1901 outlawed dumbbell tenements.
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www.tenement.org/Encyclopedia/housing_tenements.htm
www.tenement.org/Encyclopedia/housing_tenements.htm
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