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Here, we characterized the impact of L-arginine deprivation on T cell and macrophage (M ) effector functions: We show that whereas L-arginine is required unconditionally for T cell activation, M can up-regulate activation markers and produce cytokines and chemokines in the absence of L-arginine.
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www.jleukbio.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/2/268
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During immune responses in vivo, T lymphocytes and M communicate and cooperate for the execution of many effector functions. Therefore, arginine deprivation in the microenvironment could affect T cells directly or indirectly via the impairment of M effector functions.
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www.jleukbio.org/cgi/content/full/85/2/268
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Antibody - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins , abbreviated Ig ) are gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
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B. Effector Functions ; Frequently the binding of an antibody to an antigen has no direct biological effect. Rather, the significant biological effects are a consequence of secondary "effector functions" of antibodies. ... The immunoglobulins mediate a variety of these effector functions. Usually the ability to carry out...
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pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/IgStruct2000.htm
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The Medscape Journal ... Allergy & Clinical Immunology ... Superoxide generation served as marker of monocyte-macrophage effector functions.
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www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/16051061
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To test whether adaptation to changes in oxygen tension may have an effect on lymphocyte functions, T cell differentiation and functions at varying oxygen tensions were studied. These studies show: 1) differentiated CTL deliver Fas ligand- and perforin-dependent lethal hit equally well at all redox conditions;
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www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/11714773
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There are four subclasses of IgG antibodies, in both humans and mice, whose Fc regions differ in their ability to activate effector responses. Two theories have been proposed to explain these differences;
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www.signaling-gateway.org/update/updates/200601/nri1766...
www.signaling-gateway.org/update/updates/200601/nri1766.html
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However, studies conducted with knockout mice, neutralizing antibodies, and novel antagonists demonstrate that IL-13 possesses several unique effector functions that distinguish it from IL-4. Resistance to most gastrointestinal nematodes is mediated by type-2 cytokine responses, in which IL-13 plays a dominant role.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12615888
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Beyond help: direct effector functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD4(+) T cells. ... Here we explore the effector functions of HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells. We demonstrate HIV-1 p24-specific CD4(+)-T-cell cytolytic activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells directly ex vivo and after enrichment...
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15280492
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