Poison hemlock contains several piperidine alkaloid toxins (namely coniine) that are structurally similar to nicotine. Coniine has direct effects on nicotinic (cholinergic) receptors, both agonist and antagonist.
emedicine.medscape.com/article/821362-overview
Conium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Conium (pronounced /koʊˈnaɪ.əm/ or /ˈkoʊniəm/ ) is a genus of two species of highly poisonous perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and the ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conium
No one, not even the ancients, knew more about the effects of poison hemlock than did a group of nineteenth-century physicians and toxicologists, who together amassed a veritable treasure-trove of first-hand observations.
www.nd.edu/~plato/bloch.htm
Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) ... Systemic effects: ... After having eaten poison hemlock, animals may lose their appetites, salivate excessively, bloat, and have a rapid but feeble pulse. They also show evidence of muscular incoordination and appear to have great abdominal pain.
www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/phemlock/phemlck5.ht... www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/phemlock/phemlck5.htm
I am only interested in the effects of the former, so from henceforth I shall concentrate exclusively on poison hemlock. Poison hemlock (conium maculatum) is native to most parts of Europe and since its introduction to the USA has become well established there too.
www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=119
The last days of Socrates: his death by drinking Hemlock as related by Plato in the Phaedo ...   As related in the Crito Socrates is imprisoned awaiting the time when a sacred ship returns from Delos as this will lift a prohibition on the completion of the sentence he faces - the drinking of the fatal poison - Hemlock.
www.age-of-the-sage.org/greek/philosopher/phaedo.html
Do you realize that we just smoked poison hemlock?" We laughed about it at the time  but when we came in Mom made me google the effects of poison hemlock smoke but we didn't find much. The most helpful informative thing we found was a study that showed that 50% of lab rats exposed to hemlock smoke for 20 min died.
inashoe.com/2009/04/smoked-poison-hemlock/ inashoe.com/2009/04/smoked-poison-hemlock/
Poison Hemlock ; A bit of information on the poison that killed Socrates ; by Calvin Watkins ; Conium maculatum ... Initially, hemlock may lead to early CNS stimulation, headache, and ataxia, which is the loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement. Effects at autonomic ganglia may cause salivation,
chemweb.calpoly.edu/chem/bailey/377/PagesW02/Calvin
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Conium maculatum (poison hemlock - coniine as main toxin) and Cicuta maculata (water hemlock - cicutoxin as main toxin) ... Costanza, D. J.; Hoversten, V. W. (1973) Accidental ingestion of water hemlock. Report of two patients with acute and chronic effects. California Med 119(2):78-82...
lachlan.bluehaze.com.au/hemlock.html lachlan.bluehaze.com.au/hemlock.html
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