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Elmira Reformatory was the first adult reformatory in the country and precipitated a national reformatory movement. Elmira's innovative, highly publicized program included indefinite sentences based on conduct and performance, individualized treatment of inmates, and the extensive use of parole.
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www.archives.nysed.gov/altformats/GuidesHistRecs/correc...
www.archives.nysed.gov/altformats/GuidesHistRecs/correction.txt
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The Elmira Reformatory, the first of the new type, opened in New York in 1876. Although the reformatory plan was originally intended for all ages, prisoners at Elmira were limited to between the ages of 16 and 30. The principle of the plan was ... Because of this, the prison later acquired the nickname of Cherry Hill.
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www.prairieghosts.com/eastern.html
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In 1851, Harpers New York & Erie Railroad Guide gave Elmira the nickname "Queen City of the Southern Tier." A line in their book reads, "This is the queen city along the New York & Erie Railroad and is a good specimen of the towns that seem to exhale from the American soil."; ... Elmira Reformatory Shops, circa 1920.
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www.chemunghistory.com/mainpages/mykindofindex.html
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He had served a term in Elmira Reformatory, and by the time he got out, Diamond had graduated to bigger things and had forgotten him. McMahon had turned to liquor-running, and when that job gave out he had begun to specialize in hijacking truckloads of merchandise. ... Geary, whose nickname was Angelface, was pudgy and had...
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www.newyorker.com/archive/1939/05/13/1939_05_13_040_TNY...
www.newyorker.com/archive/1939/05/13/1939_05_13_040_TNY_CARDS_000177403
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Nickname Il hombre invisible (The Invisible Man); ... Carr pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sent off to the Elmira Reformatory, where he was incarcerated for two years. New York City became increasingly untenable as Burroughs became known to the police, so -- after he and Joan married -- they moved to Louisiana to...
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www.imdb.com/name/nm0123221/bio
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He got his nickname "Waxey" from friends who said he was able to remove a victim’s wallet "as though it were coated with wax." The name Gordon was from one of several aliases he used. ... His police record began in 1905 when he was arrested for pickpocketing and sent to the Elmira Reformatory in October of that year.
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www.crimemagazine.com/waxey.htm
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Elmira Reformatory 1876 ... The second wave of prison reform began with the 1870 National Congress on Penitentiary and Reformatory Discipline that led to the founding of the American Correctional Association, known then as the National Prison Association, and to the building of Elmira Reformatory.
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history.sandiego.edu/gen/soc/prison.html
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PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. ... It has been remarked by Professor Wilhelm Ostwald that the problem of homosexuality is a problem left over to us by the Middle Ages, which for five hundred years dealt with inverts as it dealt with heretics and witches. ... The result has been that, during the fourteen years that have passed...
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www.gutenberg.org/files/13611/13611-h/13611-h.htm
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His police record began in 1905 when he was arrested for pickpocketing and sent to the Elmira Reformatory in October of that year. He was returned there for a short while after a parole violation in 1908. Later that year he was arrested in Boston and served four months in the workhouse.
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www.americanmafia.com/Allan_May_7-12-99.html
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