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Elmira Reformatory 1876 ... The second wave of prison reform began with the 1870 National Congress on Penitentiary and Reformatory Discipline that led to the founding of the American Correctional Association, known then as the National Prison Association, and to the building of Elmira Reformatory.
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history.sandiego.edu/gen/soc/prison.html
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CRUELTY IN THE ELMIRA REFORMATORY. ... Mr. Brockway should either be removed or locked up, and the Elmira Reformatory should be superintended by some civilized man -- some man with brain enough to know, and heart enough to feel.
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www.infidels.org/library/historical/robert_ingersoll/el...
www.infidels.org/library/historical/robert_ingersoll/elmira_reformatory.html
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The superintendent of the Elmira Reformatory in New York, Zebulon Brockway (1827–1920), used some of these ideas when New York opened the reformatory in 1876 for male offenders sixteen to thirty years old. Brockway believed that rehabilitation could be achieved through education.
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www.libraryindex.com/pages/2499/History-Corrections-Pun...
www.libraryindex.com/pages/2499/History-Corrections-Punishment-Prevention-or-Rehabilitation-ELMIRA-REFORMATORY.html
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"Review of the Foundational Groundwork and Early Operation of Elmira Reformatory" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ASC Annual Meeting, St. Louis Adam's Mark, St. Louis, Missouri, Nov 12, 2008 <Not Available>.
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www.allacademic.com/meta/p270183_index.html
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While parole has English antecedents, its use in the United States dates back to the establishment of Elmira Reformatory in New York ... The APA urged New York to adopt these ideas at the planned Elmira Reformatory. In 1876, New York enacted a statute under which young first offenders would be sent to Elmira under...
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law.jrank.org/pages/18934/Probation-Parole.html
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ELMIRA REFORMATORY FIRE.; Inmates Aid the Firemen -- Patients Removed from Hospital. E-MAIL. March 31, 1905, Friday. Page 7, 96 words ...
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query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807E1D81431E73...
query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807E1D81431E733A25752C3A9659C946497D6CF
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When New York's Elmira Reformatory opened in 1876, it rejected 19th century penology's holy trinity of silence, obedience and labor. Elmira's goal would be reform of the convict, and its methods would be psychological rather than physical.
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www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/docs2day/elmira...
www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/docs2day/elmira.html
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Elmira Reformatory; Elmira, New York ... New York State Reformatory, Elmira. First reformatory in the U.S., built in 1876. ... The baseball diamond of the Athletic Field of Elmira. The photo shows but a small portion of the entire field. The contesting teams in this photograph are the reformatory team and the Willys-Knight team,
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www.cpa.eku.edu/elmira.htm
www.cpa.eku.edu/elmira.htm
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Elmira Correctional Facility. Elmira Correctional Facility summary with 3 pages of encyclopedia entries, research information, and more. ... The "New York State Reformatory" at Elmira focused on reformation and education to mould each prisoner so that he or she could be returned to society.
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www.bookrags.com/Elmira_Reformatory
www.bookrags.com/Elmira_Reformatory
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