African American Vernacular English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
African American Vernacular English ( AAVE )—also called African American English ; less precisely Black English , Black Vernacular , Black English Vernacular ( BEV ), or Black Vernacula...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_Vernacular_Engli... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_Vernacular_English
Ebonics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ebonics is a term that was originally intended and sometimes used for the language of all people of African ancestry, or for that of Black North American people; since 1996 it has been largely used t...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebonics
The dialect of the East Midlands, ... Even Southern and Southern Midland English, long scorned by Northerners, have reestablished their status, especially after the presidencies of Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. Two dialects are still seen as being substandard by many Americans: Appalachian and Black English.
webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/dialectsofenglish.html webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/dialectsofenglish.html
Early studies of AAE in the 1960s used the terms Negro speech, Negro English, or Negro American dialect. Starting around 1970 and continuing throughout the decade, the preferred term was Black English or Black English Vernacular (BEV).
www.cal.org/Ebonics/
(And the speech of the whites became slightly more like that of the blacks).  However, in a few areas, the original African English creole was preserved more fully.  There is one dialect of Black English still spoken on the Georgia coast, called Gullah, which is still spoken there by about 20,000 people;
pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/Americ... pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/AmericanDialects.htm
Atlantic Unbound: The Atlantic Monthly Magazine Online ... Their dialect will be referred to below as the Black English Vernacular (BEV). It is a remarkably consistent grammar, essentially the same as that found in other cities: Detroit, Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, San Francisco, Los Angeles, New Orleans.
www.theatlantic.com/issues/95sep/ets/labo.htm
AAVE is a form of American English spoken primarily by African Americans. Although an AAVE speaker's dialect may exhibit regional variation, there are still many salient features. The speaker's ideolect could contain all or only a few of these features.
bryan.myweb.uga.edu/AAVE/
P.P.S. I see that Dean has written an excellent piece supporting the uncontrovertible fact that Black English is a valid language/dialect.
tradermike.net/movethecrowd/archives/2004/12/yes_black_... tradermike.net/movethecrowd/archives/2004/12/yes_black_english_is_a_dialect_argh.php
One hears of examples of > black kids being put down and labeled as "white" if they speak standard > English. ... The lowest denominator, in this case, being white middle class Americans, since they just can't seem to figure out any other dialect.
home.comcast.net/~chtongyu/preach.html
The theories discussed hold that black English developed as a result of one of the following influences: the colonial British dialect of the overseer; ...
www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=ED1543... www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=ED154388