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[French, from Italian spalliera, shoulder support, from spalla, shoulder, from Late Latin spatula, shoulder blade, from Latin; see spatula. ... Origin: ; 1655–65; < F, MF: trellis < It spalliera back rest, espalier, equiv. to spall(a) shoulder, support + -iera -ier 2...
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dictionary.reference.com/browse/espaliered
dictionary.reference.com/browse/espaliered
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The support framework should be placed next to a wall or fence before installing the plant to be espaliered. When an espalier serves as a screen, construct a free-standing support framework consisting of sturdy terminal posts with wires stretched taut between them.
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Ideally, the gardener should build the first level of trellis used to support the espalier before the tree is planted. The lower horizontal and inner vertical components of the trellis may be all that are needed for the first year or two.
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extension.oregonstate.edu/news/story.php?S_No=369&story...
extension.oregonstate.edu/news/story.php?S_No=369&storyType=garden
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Beginning about 15 inches above the ground, run each horizontal support about 14 inches above the last, until you’ve reached a height of about 6 feet. Next, plant one-year-old fruit tree “whips” (preferably dwarf or semi-dwarf varieties) about 15 feet ... Six-Armed palmette verrier espalier growing along a wall...
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www.backwoodshome.com/articles2/hooker79.html
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Thread: espalier fig tree problem ... I have a two year old fig tree that I've been trying to espalier. I have two horizontal branches at the top of my trellis and one more lateral on the next tier down from that. I want four laterals on each side, but I'm not getting any side shoots. ... Plant - Gardening Tips Support Forums...
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www.backyardgardener.com/forums/f74/espalier-fig-tree-p...
www.backyardgardener.com/forums/f74/espalier-fig-tree-problem-2493/
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Whatever you secure your espalier to, remember it needs to be strong enough to support the tree when it is fully laden with fruit! ... When everything is ready, plant the tree 6 to 8 inches from the it’s support. Make sure the graft is at least 2 inches above the ground level.
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www.scenicnursery.com/archives/002422.html
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The term espalier refers to the way fruit trees are trained to grow against a wall. It makes the tree easier to prune and the fruit easier to pick. This decorative method was often used traditional walled kitchen gardens and is perfectly suited to growing fruit in the smaller garden. ... Make your support...
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www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/basics/techniques/growfruitandv...
www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/basics/techniques/growfruitandveg_espalierapple1.shtml
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When I first moved to Bedford, I found a perfect location to plant a little orchard of espalier apple trees. Espalier refers to an ancient technique, resulting in trees that grow flat, either against a wall, or along a wire ... The espalier system will support them well as the fruits form and ripen and become heavy.
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www.themarthablog.com/2009/04/an-ancient-technique-prun...
www.themarthablog.com/2009/04/an-ancient-technique-pruning-the-espalier-trees-on-my-farm.html
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A growing system for vines which is particularly applicable to kiwi fruit which uses an espalier arrangement. The system is such that a canopy of branches are supported while at the same time divergen ... A growing system for vines which is particularly applicable to kiwi fruit which uses an espalier arrangement.
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www.freepatentsonline.com/4625454.html
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