It is important to sterilise the germination mixture before sowing the fern spores by pouring boiling water over it This kills the spores of fungi and other plants that may germinate and crowd out the developing fern prothalli.
www.anbg.gov.au/ferns/fern.spore.prop.html www.anbg.gov.au/ferns/fern.spore.prop.html
The American Fern Society ... The American Fern Society Spore Exchange maintains a collection of fresh spores from over 800 different species of ferns . The spores ("seeds of the ferns") are donated by AFS members.
amerfernsoc.org/ amerfernsoc.org/
The "seeds" of the ferns and fern allies are called Spores. Normally they are formed in groups of four. Spores contain oil droplets and sometimes chlorophyll in addition to their nucleus. Ferns drop millions, often times billions of spores during their lifetime but very few ever land in a spot suitable for growth.
amerfernsoc.org/lernfrnl.html amerfernsoc.org/lernfrnl.html
Fern spores magnified 400 times. ... Fern Spores click on pictures to see them larger ... Fern spores 40X click to see larger...
www.3dham.com/microgallery/fernspore.html www.3dham.com/microgallery/fernspore.html
Not possessing flowers, ferns reproduce with spores, which are so small you can hardly see them with the naked eye. They are like grains of dust. In many fern species spores are produced in tiny, curious, spotlike items referred to technically as sori (pronounced SOR-eye, singular sorus, pronounced SOR-us).
www.backyardnature.net/ferns.htm www.backyardnature.net/ferns.htm
An introduction to the life history of ferns ... Fern spores are about 50 µm in diameter. Dehiscence flicks them only a couple of cm from the leaf surface but this is enough. Air currents do the rest. One leaf of a small fern may shed 750,000 spores while a tree fern leaf may liberate 750 million spores!
scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/bl14apl/pter2.htm
Developing sporangia on the underside of mature fern fronds start out green and gradually turn brown, black, or yellow. After ripening and releasing their spores, the sporangia look fuzzy and slightly pale. Ripe sporangia have the most intense color and look firm or very slightly fuzzy.
www.home.aone.net.au/byzantium/ferns/growing.html www.home.aone.net.au/byzantium/ferns/growing.html
With some fern species the spores are produced at separate fronds, which often differ from the normal fronds a lot, for example with the Royal fern (Osmunda regalis), Sensitiv fern (Onoclea sensibilis) and Ostrich fern (Matteuccia strutiopteris).
www.farngarten.de/e_ueber_farne.htm
Whisk Ferns produce spores which grow into small underground masses of tissue that develop sex organs. The picture shows a section through the spore sacs of a present-day whisk fern. The main plant can be compared to the sporophyte stage of a moss.
www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/plants/tr... www.alientravelguide.com/science/biology/life/plants/tracheo/psilopsi/sporange.htm
Fern spores can be very challenging to grow and require special conditions. Growing instructions will accompany spores. Packets will contain enough spores for 2-3 sowings; cost per packet is $4.50. Cheilanthes bonariensis - Pteridaceae, from Mexico to Argentina.
www.seedhunt.com/ppfern.html www.seedhunt.com/ppfern.html