Abu Bakr was the closest friend and companion of Muhammad and the first Muslim caliph. He was one of the first men to convert to Islam, and was chosen by the Prophet as his companion on the hijrah to Medina. ... Another faction preferred Muhammad's son-in-law Ali as caliph, ... Being well prepared is the first step;
historymedren.about.com/od/bwho/p/who_abu_bakr.htm
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Umayyad Caliphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: ‎, Banu Umayyah ) was the second of the four Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate
Rashidun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( al-Khulafā’u r-Rāshidūn) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs who established the Rashidun Caliphate. The concept o...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun
CALIPH ABU BAKR'S FIRST ADDRESS ... "I have been given the authority over you, and I am not the best of you. If I do well, help me; and if I do wrong, set me right. Sincere regard for truth is loyalty and disregard for truth is treachery. The weak amongst you shall be strong with me until I have secured his rights, if God will;
www.cyberistan.org/islamic/abubakr.html
The Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement has compiled these searchable Jewish and Islamic religious texts to assist religious and lay leaders as they create sermons and curricula around Jewish-Muslim themes, ... Each religious text will be provided with a range of acceptable translations in order to facilitate scholarly study,
www.usc.edu/dept/msa/
The first caliph was Abu Bakr. Nominally elective, the office became hereditary, held by the Umayyad dynasty 661–750 and then by the Abbasid dynasty. After the death of the last Abbasid (1258), the title was claimed by a number of Muslim chieftains in Egypt, Turkey, and India.
www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0... www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0000519.html
The caliph had temporal and spiritual authority but was not permitted prophetic power; this was reserved for Muhammad. The caliph could not, therefore, exercise authority in matters of religious doctrine. The first caliph was Abu Bakr.
www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0809901.html
After assuming the Caliphate the first issue that Abu Bakr was called upon to decide was whether the expedition to Syria which the Holy Prophet had directed to be sent under the command of Usamah should proceed to its destination, or should the expedition in view of the change ... "O the Caliph of the Holy Prophet,
www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/12_umar_... www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/12_umar_bin_al_khattab.htm
Ummul Momeneen Ayesha the daughter of the first Caliph Abu Bakr, and the widow of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.), was in Makka for the pilgrimage when third Caliph Uthman was killed. She had always expected either Talha or Zubayr to succeed him and when she heard of Imam Ali's (A.S.) appointment as Caliph, she was very upset.
www.ezsoftech.com/islamic/jamal.asp
The word 'Caliph' is the English form of the Arabic word 'Khalifa,' which is short for Khalifatu Rasulil-lah. The latter expression means Successor to the Messenger of ... The First Caliph, Abu Bakr (632-634 A.C.) ... A portion of the speech the First Caliph gave after his election has already been quoted in the introduction.
islamicweb.com/history/bio_caliphs.htm islamicweb.com/history/bio_caliphs.htm
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