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The physics of galaxy formation is complicated because it deals with the dynamics of stars (gravitational interaction), thermodynamics of gas and energy production of stars. For example, stars form from gas clouds, but new stars heat these clouds, which dissipates them and stops the formation of other stars.
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abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast123/lectures/lec25.html
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In a sense, galaxy formation is like star formation (which we don't understand either) on a larger scale, with the added complication of a superimposed Hubble flow. Given the existence of a density enhancement (we'll come back to this), a mass will collapse if it exceeds the equivalent of the Jeans mass.
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www.astr.ua.edu/keel/galaxies/galform.html
www.astr.ua.edu/keel/galaxies/galform.html
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For a long time, two different types of models of galaxy formation were common: First, "top-down" theories according to which galaxies have formed during a comparatively short period, at about the same time, within the first billion years after the universe started to expand, from an initial hot state, such as the...
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www.seds.org/messier/galaxy.html
www.seds.org/messier/galaxy.html
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The formation of galaxies is still one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for galaxy evolution. Some ideas, however, are now widely accepted. ... Galaxy Formation Not Random, Says Astronomer (February 28, 2001) — Gaze into the vastness of the universe this evening and...
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www.sciencedaily.com/articles/g/galaxy_formation_and_ev...
www.sciencedaily.com/articles/g/galaxy_formation_and_evolution.htm
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In general, astrophysicists believe that formation of very small dwarf galaxies should be suppressed. This is because gas required for continued formation of stars can be heated and expelled by the first generation of exploding supernovae stars. ... Galaxy formation and evolution...
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www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/06/040609071152.htm
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Unfortunately, there is a rather wide range of different galaxy types, shapes and densities which means the formation process was not simple. Also most all galaxies today are embedded in some ... Formation of a single Galaxy Cluster ... So many questions about galaxy formation and evolution certainly remain. Among them are:
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zebu.uoregon.edu/1996/ph123/galaxies.html
zebu.uoregon.edu/1996/ph123/galaxies.html
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First page...
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setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/~korpela/astro10/html/lec12...
setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/~korpela/astro10/html/lec12/img39.html
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Hilo HI (SPX) Dec 18, 2007 - A team of Japanese astronomers have obtained imagees of galaxies from 11 billion years ago using innovative technology and instrumentation on the Subaru Telescope. ... As background, in the local universe around our Milky Way galaxy, there are primarily two types of galaxies:
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www.spacedaily.com/reports/Subaru_Reveals_Galaxy_Format...
www.spacedaily.com/reports/Subaru_Reveals_Galaxy_Formation_From_11_Billion_Years_Ago_999.html
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