PROGRESSION OF EMPHYSEMA: NATURAL HISTORY AND RISK FACTORS ... Fletcher CM, Peto R, Tinker CM, Speizer FE. The natural history of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. An eight-year study of early chronic obstructive lung disease in working men in London. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
pats.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/5/4/468
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Cigarette smoking: Smoking is by far the single most clearly established environmental risk factor for emphysema and chronic bronchitis. One in 5 persons who smoke develops COPD, and 80-90% of COPD patients have a smoking history.
emedicine.medscape.com/article/298283-overview
Letter by Lauren A. Colby describing the flimsy ... and that there was a family history of emphysema, the deceased's own father having died from the disease at the age of 58. Furthermore, the obituary disclosed that the deceased's own doctor was unable to state the "immediate cause" of his death.
www.forces.org/evidence/files/colby.htm
To diagnose emphysema, the doctor will perform a complete physical exam and take a medical history. He or she will ask about your smoking habits and any family history of emphysema or COPD. An examination of the hands and feet can show whether your body is getting enough oxygen.
www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/e/emphysema.htm www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/e/emphysema.htm
The natural history of emphysema suggests that progression of disease in the native lung may contribute to late deterioration in respiratory function after single lung transplantation. ... In this report, we describe our experience with unilateral volume reduction surgery in three single lung transplant recipients with emphysema.
www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/9257257
C) α1-Antitrypsin deficiency is not associated with a family history of emphysema in nonsmokers is incorrect.
www.medscape.com/content/2005/00/49/83/498352/ans12.htm... www.medscape.com/content/2005/00/49/83/498352/ans12.html
The only worthwhile procedure was bullectomy for localized bullous emphysema. The concept of volume reduction developed by Brantigan in the 1950s and rediscovered by Cooper is the only successful surgical approach to an essentially incurable pulmonary disease.
ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/64/5/1506
The only worthwhile procedure was bullectomy for localized bullous emphysema. The concept of ... We should listen to the lessons of history and remember the identical passage of "closed" heart surgery by individual thoracic surgeons to "open" heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation by multidisciplinary teams.
ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/64/5/1506
The Natural History of Chromic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Reviewed by I W B Grant. Full text. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1605144/