First built in 1960, lasers now range in size from semiconductor lasers as small as a grain of salt to solid-state and gas lasers as large as a storage building. The light beam produced by most lasers is pencil-thin and maintains its size and direction over very large distances.
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www.bell-labs.com/history/laser/laser_def.html
www.bell-labs.com/history/laser/laser_def.html
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Many different materials can be used as lasers. Some, like the ruby laser, emit short pulses of laser light. Others, like helium-neon gas lasers or liquid dye lasers emit a continuous beam of light. See - How a Laser Works ... How a Laser Works Technical History of the Laser Books on Lasers...
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inventors.about.com/od/lstartinventions/a/laser.htm
inventors.about.com/od/lstartinventions/a/laser.htm
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History of Lasers ... Introduction - History of Lasers ... How a Laser Works Technical History of the Laser Books on Lasers...
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inventors.about.com/od/lstartinventions/a/laser_2.htm
inventors.about.com/od/lstartinventions/a/laser_2.htm
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Today, lasers are everywhere: from research laboratories at the cutting edge of quantum physics to medical clinics, supermarket checkouts and the telephone network. ... Our catalog of books in the history and philsophy of science...
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www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/284158_townes.html
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Laser - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A laser is a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process called stimulated emission . Laser light is usually spatially coherent, which means that the light either is emit...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser
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It is a long history for human beings to realize that light is both wavelike and particle like. In 1704, Newton characterized light as a stream of particles. The Young’s interference experiment in 1803 and the discovery of the polarity of light ... To be used in material processing, lasers must have sufficient power,
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www.columbia.edu/cu/mechanical/mrl/ntm/level1/ch02/html...
www.columbia.edu/cu/mechanical/mrl/ntm/level1/ch02/html/l1c02s01.html
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Therefore lasers are currently widely used, being the tool of choice in some areas, such as endoscopical lithotriptic stone treatment or endoluminal organ-preserving ... [From Einstein's Quantum Theory to modern laser therapy. The history of lasers in dermatology and aesthetic medicine] ... History of lasers in medicine.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17564717
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The purpose of this series of articles is to explore the history and development of lasers, the integration of lasers into clinical dentistry and the safeguards as to their regulated use.
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www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v202/n1/abs/bdj.2006.113.htm...
www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v202/n1/abs/bdj.2006.113.html
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Laser Pioneer Interviews With an Introduction to Laser History (Lasers and Applications) (Paperback) ... He was managing editor of Laser Focus and a cofounder and contributing editor to Lasers & Applications (now Lasers & Optronics). His other books include Understanding Lasers, Understanding Fiber Optics,
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www.amazon.com/pioneer-interviews-introduction-history-...
www.amazon.com/pioneer-interviews-introduction-history-applications/dp/0936551003
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