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The first group was told nothing about any analgesic effect (natural history). The second group was told that the basal infusion was either a powerful painkiller or a placebo (classic double-blind administration).
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skepdic.com/placebo.html
skepdic.com/placebo.html
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Placebo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A placebo is a sham medical intervention. In one common placebo procedure, a patient is given an inert sugar pill , told that it may improve his/her condition, but not told that it is in fact iner...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo
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A brief history of the word placebo was presented and the placebo effect was defined. Characteristic examples of prescientific medical treatment were described. The following conclusions were reached: The normative history of medical treatment until relatively recently is the history of the placebo effect.
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ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/116/4/298
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Research has confirmed that a fake treatment, made from an inactive substance like sugar, distilled water, or saline solution, can have a "placebo effect"--that is, the sham medication can sometimes improve a patient's condition simply because the person has the expectation that it will be helpful.
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www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2000/100_heal.html
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The word placebo is from the Latin "I shall please." Throughout most of medical history, the placebo effect was the principal treatment physicians offered their patients—e.g. reassurance, attention, and belief in treatment would mobilize patients' internal powers to fight their illnesses.
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www.enotes.com/alternative-medicine-encyclopedia/placeb...
www.enotes.com/alternative-medicine-encyclopedia/placebo-effect
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"Does the ubiquity of the placebo effect throughout history suggest the possibility, popular but hardly testable today, or perhaps ever, that positive placebo effects are an inherited adaptive characteristic, conferring evolutionary advantages by reducing despondency, depression, and hopelessness, and that allowed...
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www.sustainedaction.org/Explorations/more_on_the_placeb...
www.sustainedaction.org/Explorations/more_on_the_placebo_effect.htm
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(Medical Journal of Australia) Brown-Séquard revisited: a lesson from history on the placebo effect of androgen treatment ... Brown-Séquard's experience demonstrates that the placebo effect can be powerful, even in a highly educated physician who was well aware of ... Medvei VC. The history of clinical endocrinology.
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www.mja.com.au/public/issues/177_11_021202/cus10559_fm....
www.mja.com.au/public/issues/177_11_021202/cus10559_fm.html
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Top photo and quotation from "The Placebo Effect" by Walter A. Brown, in Scientific American, January 1998. Lower photo (Haitian healing ceremony) from Sexualia: From Prehistory to Cyberspace, by Clifford Bishop and Xenia Osthelder.
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www.metahistory.org/PlaceboEffect.php
www.metahistory.org/PlaceboEffect.php
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