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therefore the efflux pumps work synergistically with the low permeability of the outer membrane.36 An increased efflux of antibiotic from the bacterium produces a reduction in drug accumulation and an increment in the MIC.
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jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/dkl509v1
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the structure of drug efflux pumps had come from secondary ...... Verapamil has also been shown to work synergistically with ...
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www.biochemj.org/bj/376/0313/3760313.pdf
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One of the most intensively studied members of the class of energy dependent efflux pumps is the human P-glycoprotein (PGP). A variety of naturally occuring toxins, which enter cells by passive diffusion, are pumped out of the cell by PGP and related transporters.
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gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/102245993.html
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In Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E multidrug efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division family make a major contribution to solvent resistance. Two pumps have been identified: TtgABC, expressed constitutively, and TtgDEF, induced by aromatic hydrocarbons.
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jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/183/13/3967
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Multicomponent efflux pumps, exemplified by the Escherichia coli AcrAB system (5), provide an important means of drug (9) and solvent (11) resistance in gram-negative bacteria. ... If we combine two simple pumps (which work in parallel across the cytoplasmic membrane), it is easy to see that equation 4 will become ;
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jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/185/17/5287
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Preincubations with verapamil, an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport, or MK-571, an inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated protein-mediated transport, stimulated influx and reduced efflux of PhIP, ... This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants CA69138 and GM55561.
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carcin.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/20/11/2153
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In this study, we investigated the expression of genes associated with two multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps, MexAB-OprM and MexCD-OprJ, throughout the course of ... Previous work has established that this method of assessing planktonic antibiotic susceptibility patterns produces identical results to NCCLS methods (5).
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aac.asm.org/cgi/content/full/45/6/1761
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Drug efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated as potential targets for antibacterial therapy. ... Neither the double-deletion mutants nor the triple-deletion mutant that were constructed in the course of our work had detectable growth defects under laboratory conditions (data not shown). These data suggest that...
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aac.asm.org/cgi/content/full/43/6/1340
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MDR efflux pumps contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacteria in several ways: (i) inherent resistance to an entire class of agents, ... To date, DNA sequencing data have not revealed significant variation between the sequences of the efflux pump genes of strains of the same species; however, recent work with C.
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cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/full/19/2/382
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