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Although nearly all of the periodical cicadas in a given location emerge in the same year, the cicadas in different regions are not synchronized and may emerge in different years. All periodical cicadas of the same life cycle type that emerge in a given year are known collectively as a single "brood" (or "year-class").
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insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/fauna/michigan_cicadas/perio...
insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/fauna/michigan_cicadas/periodical/Index.html
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A certain species of fungus attacks Periodical Cicadas, causing the back ends of their bodies to fall off and eventually killing them. This fungus has a 17-year life cycle, ... Gene Kritsky and others have hypothesized that perhaps some Periodical Cicadas have evolved a 13-year life cycle is to avoid that fungus.
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biology.clc.uc.edu/steincarter/cicadas.htm
biology.clc.uc.edu/steincarter/cicadas.htm
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Cicadas are said to be periodical if almost all of the cicadas in a given location mature into adults in the same year. The Magicicada septendecim, a most notable periodical cicada, has the longest life cycle of any insect.
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library.thinkquest.org/28049/why_do_periodical_cicadas_...
library.thinkquest.org/28049/why_do_periodical_cicadas_adopt_.htm
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There are six species of periodical cicadas, three with a 17-year cycle and three with a 13-year cycle. The three species in each life-cycle group are distinctive in size, color, and song. The 17-year cicadas are generally northern, and the 13-year cicadas southern with considerable overlap in their distribution.
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ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/periodical-cicada
ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/periodical-cicada
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Habits and life cycles of all broods of periodical cicadas are much the same, varying primarily only in length of cycle (13 vs. 17 years) and year of adult emergence. Cicadas develop through three stages; egg, nymph, and adult.
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www.ag.auburn.edu/enpl/bulletins/cicadas/cicadas.htm
www.ag.auburn.edu/enpl/bulletins/cicadas/cicadas.htm
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Specific groups of periodical cicadas are called “Broods.” Entomologists have devised a chart that documents the emergence of these groups. There are twelve “Broods” that appear in the northeastern part of the United States in different years.
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www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/selected-internet/cicadas.html
www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/selected-internet/cicadas.html
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The "dog-day" or annual cicadas appear during the long summer days of July and August. These cicadas have two to five-year life cycles but their broods overlap and some appear every summer. Dog-day cicadas are larger than periodical cicadas and have green to brown bodies with black markings and a whitish bloom.
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ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2137.html
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Marshall, D. C., J. R. Cooley, and C. Simon. 2003. Holocene climate shifts, life-cycle plasticity, and speciation in periodical cicadas: A reply to Cox and Carlton. Evolution 57:433-437.
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www.magicicada.org/map_project/maps.php
www.magicicada.org/map_project/maps.php
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model for the 13- and 17-year life cycle of periodical cicadas, with historical evidence for hybridization between them. Evo- lution 37:1162-1180. ...
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www.jstor.org/stable/3094726
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