|
86.8% of students who smoke nicotine at least once daily are chemically dependent under DSM IV mental health standards ... Diminished autonomy and control over smoking is seen in 25% of students after smoking nicotine only once and in 35% after smoking it 3 to 4 times. ... Nicotine is a teratogen that can devistate a human fetus...
|
whyquit.com/whyquit/LinksAAddiction.html
|
|
|
|
This study demonstrates that nicotine acts as a nervous system teratogen leading to gross and cellular dysmorphology. Suggested mechanisms for nicotine action include the possibility that the highly lipid soluble teratogen may exert its effects directly on the membranes or indirectly through oxidative membrane damage...
|
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1886540
|
|
|
Nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, readily crosses the placental barrier to cause growth and neurobehavioral abnormalities in the offspring. The current study was designed to assess whether nicotinic action causes long lasting teratogenic effects and synaptic dysfunctions.
|
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18662793
|
|
Teratology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development. It is often thought of as the study of birth defects, but it is much broader than that, taking in other developmental stages, su...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology
|
Nicotine is a potential foetal teratogen based on studies in animals and might contribute to sudden infant death syndrome and neurobehavioral deficits in the offspring. However these effects are dose-related in animals, and NRT products have not been demonstrated to be teratogenic in humans.
|
www.treatobacco.net/en/page_63.html
|
|
According to American Heritage a teratogen is a substance that cause the malformation of an embryo or fetus.1 The below studies examine nicotine as a teratogen in rats.
|
www.ffn.yuku.com/topic/11175
|
|
Animal data strongly suggest that nicotine is a teratogen and is one mediator of the adverse effects of smoking on fetal outcomes (Slotkin, 1998 ;
|
jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/305/2/587
|
|
In particular, nicotine infusion paradigms that, ... many physicians think that cocaine is an outright teratogen akin to thalidomide and have counseled abortion even when the patient does not seek one (Koren et al., 1992 ). In actuality, cocaine is less likely to cause malformations than is cigarette smoking (Koren, 1993 ;
|
jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/285/3/931
|
|
Nicotine as a teratogen; SURGEON GENERAL’S WARNING: Smoking By; Pregnant Women May Result in Fetal Injury, Premature Birth, And Low Birth Weight. What is the face of prenatal nicotine exposure? Fetal Nicotine or Cocaine Exposure: Which One is Worse?
|
www.lanecounty.org/prevention/braindevelopment/Material...
www.lanecounty.org/prevention/braindevelopment/Materials/GATZE-KOPP-HBD-Conf08.pdf
|
|
