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By the turn of the century, most of Carnegie's steel came from vast brick ovens called open-hearth furnaces. They were the future of steel-making. In 1890 at Homestead, the world's largest open-hearth mill, 16 furnaces ran-each producing forty tons of steel every Before the furnace was tapped and the steel poured out,
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www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/sfeature/mf_furnace.html
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/sfeature/mf_furnace.html
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The open-hearth furnace is one way to create steel from pig iron. The pig iron, limestone and iron ore go into an open-hearth furnace. It is heated to about 1,600 degrees F (871 degrees C). The limestone and ore form a slag that floats on the surface.
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science.howstuffworks.com/iron4.htm
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Hutchinson encyclopedia article about open-hearth furnace. open-hearth furnace. Information about open-hearth furnace in the Hutchinson encyclopedia. ... open-hearth furnace; open-hearth process; open-hearth process; open-hearth process; open-hearth process; open-hearth process; open-hearth processes;
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encyclopedia.farlex.com/open-hearth+furnace
encyclopedia.farlex.com/open-hearth+furnace
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The capacity of the average open-hearth furnace is about 60 tons of metal. Supposing the furnace to be at a moderate heat, ready for the charge, the tapping hole, which leads from the lowest part o... ... The capacity of the average open-hearth furnace is about 60 tons of metal.
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chestofbooks.com/crafts/mechanics/Mechanical-Processes/...
chestofbooks.com/crafts/mechanics/Mechanical-Processes/121-Charging-The-Open-Hearth-Furnace.html
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Caption: Open-Hearth Furnace. "Molten blast furnace at U. S. Steel's Homestead District Works, Munhall, Pennsylvania. About 9 of every 10 tons of steel made in America come from Open-Hearth Furnaces." ... Scanned postcard of open-hearth furnace.
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www.clpgh.org/exhibit/ptp12a.html
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Method of steelmaking, now largely superseded by the basic–oxygen process. It was developed in 1864 in England by German-born In the furnace, which has a wide, saucer-shaped hearth and a low roof, molten pig iron and scrap are packed into the shallow hearth and heated by overhead gas burners using preheated air.
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www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0...
www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006180.html
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and ninety per cent of this steel is the product of the basic open-hearth furnace. Consequently, open-hearth steel manufacture in the aggregate constitutes by long odds the most widely used metallurgical process in this country and, in fact, in the world.
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www.ysfbooks.com/CATALOGUE/ENGINEERING/basichearth.htm
www.ysfbooks.com/CATALOGUE/ENGINEERING/basichearth.htm
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