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An ox (plural oxen) is a bovine animal trained as a draft animal. Oxen are commonly adult, castrated male cattle, but cows (adult females) or bulls (fertile ...
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox
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rural heritage - working cattle (oxen) in early america ... To this day the descendants of these cattle, called Milking Devons, still make the best all-around farm oxen.
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www.ruralheritage.com/ox_paddock/ox_working.htm
www.ruralheritage.com/ox_paddock/ox_working.htm
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Only two species in the genus Bos used for work are called "oxen"—Bos indicus (Zebu-type cattle with humps) and Bos taurus, the European breeds (no humps). Other species in the genus Bos, such as yaks, may be worked, but are not called "oxen."
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www.ruralheritage.com/ox_paddock/ox_whatis.htm
www.ruralheritage.com/ox_paddock/ox_whatis.htm
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cattle pl.n. Any of various chiefly domesticated mammals of the genus Bos, including cows, steers, bulls, and oxen, often raised for meat and dairy ... Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: cattle...
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www.answers.com/topic/cattle
www.answers.com/topic/cattle
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pioneer life in the early days - raising farm animals ... Oxen could haul logs. They pulled plows and heavy wagons. Oxen were slower than horses but much stronger and easier to take care of. Oxen could survive by eating prairie grass. A yoke made of wood was used to harness the oxen.
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www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/animals.html
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The Oxen Handbook; ... Humans domesticated the aurochs, then began producing new varieties of cattle, including the ox, which was well suited for agricultural work, between 6000 and 5000 BC. Farmers increased their dependence on the ox around 4500 BC, when the development of early irrigation systems significantly increased...
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www.angelfire.com/ky/rmfarm/oxenhandbook.html
www.angelfire.com/ky/rmfarm/oxenhandbook.html
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Subject: Re: oxen- old cattle breeds ... Date: 2 Sep 1996 19:14:46 -0400 ... 2 mos old i thought would work out for this purpose. i was looking all over for a picture of an ox yoke so i could make one. why your query? voice from the wilderness... the goats want to be milked sarah as far west as the internet gets on...
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www.ibiblio.org/london/agriculture/forums/sustainable-a...
www.ibiblio.org/london/agriculture/forums/sustainable-agriculture/msg01005.html
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Subject: Re: oxen- old cattle breeds ... I have no >desire to enter the "normal" cattle market. The place is too small, (35 >acres )and we don't eat meat any more. > >Around here one can find Angus and Hereford. That's it. > >Any ideas about sources of older breeds, or folks that raise and train >oxen,
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www.ibiblio.org/london/agriculture/forums/sustainable-a...
www.ibiblio.org/london/agriculture/forums/sustainable-agriculture/msg01002.html
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Domesticated cattle in central and northern Europe are more closely related on the father’s side with the primordial oxen that once populated Europe than with the cattle that the first farmers brought with them up through Europe during the Great Migratio ... “When it comes to cattle in Europe, it has been assumed that...
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www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/studies/report-...
www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/studies/report-51732.html
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