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OBJECTIVE: Anal sphincter injury and its sequelae are a recognized complication of vaginal childbirth. ... Although the use of episiotomy conferred an increased risk toward a higher likelihood of severe perineal trauma, it did not reach statistical significance (P = .06; OR 2.15, 0.97-4.76, 95% CI).
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www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/15746685
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The Medscape Journal ... Allergy & Clinical Immunology ... Diabetes & Endocrinology...
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www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/11265047
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Perineal massage conducted antenatally has some benefit in reducing the risk of perineal trauma Perineal massage in the second stage of labour has been promoted and practised without sound evidence of its effectiveness...
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bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/322/7297/1277
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Repair of Perineal Trauma | online chapter from A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth with updates ... Chapter 36. Repair of perineal trauma...
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www.childbirthconnection.org/article.asp?ck=10050
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Health News - Lasting Trauma From Perineal Tears In Childbirth ... While only one in 10 women may benefit from perineal massage, it?s still a significant number when you consider the problems you might have long-term from the trauma of tearing.
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www.healthcentral.com/drdean/408/26852.html
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Lavender oil for perineal healing following childbirth palsy [2002] ... Management of Third and Fourth Degree Perineal Trauma [2006] ... Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma [2009]
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www.gfmer.ch/Guidelines/Labor_delivery_postpartum/Episi...
www.gfmer.ch/Guidelines/Labor_delivery_postpartum/Episiotomy.htm
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Perineal trauma persists despite limiting episiotomy use and a substantial number of women have prolonged rupture of membranes. There remains a challenge to maximise gains from modified obstetric care or implement more efficacious PMTCT interventions intrapartum. ... Rio de Janeiro - July 24 - 27, 2005 ... INTRODUCTION: In Uganda,
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www.aegis.com/conferences/iashivpt/2005/MoPe11-7C02.htm...
www.aegis.com/conferences/iashivpt/2005/MoPe11-7C02.html
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Antenatal perineal massage helps reduce both perineal trauma during birth and pain afterwards. ... Perineal trauma following vaginal birth can be associated with significant short-term and long-term morbidity. Antenatal perineal massage has been proposed as one method of decreasing the incidence of perineal trauma...
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www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005123.html
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Perineal trauma, in general terms, occurs by one of the following mechanisms: ... Patients who sustain perineal trauma frequently present immediately following the injury. This is especially true of patients who sustain intrapartum lacerations.
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www.emedicine.com/med/topic3340.htm
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