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If collar cells and spicules are defining characteristics of the Phylum Porifera, then nematocysts define cnidarians. These tiny organelles, likened by Hickman to cocked guns, are both highly efficient devices for capturing prey and extremely effective deterrents to predators.
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animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/informatio...
animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cnidaria.html
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An introduction to the biology, classification and ecology of sponges, the phylum Porifera ... Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea Order Calcinia Order Calcaronia Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora Order Hexasterophora Class Demospongiae Order Homoscleromorpha Order Tetractinomorpha Order Ceractinomorpha...
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www.earthlife.net/inverts/porifera.html
www.earthlife.net/inverts/porifera.html
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the number of described fossil genera exceeds 900. The approximately 5,000 living sponge species are classified in the phylum Porifera, which is composed of three distinct groups, the Hexactinellida (glass sponges), the Demospongia, and the Calcarea (calcareous sponges).
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www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/porifera/porifera.html
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/porifera/porifera.html
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Sponge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera (pronounced /pɒˈrɪfərə/ ). Their bodies consist of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. While all animals have unspeciali...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge
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Sponges are considered the oldest of the animal phyla. The name Porifera means "pore bearer" in Latin. ... Learn more about Porifera in "Origins" ... Website links about sponges and Porifera...
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www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/animals/porifera.html
www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/animals/porifera.html
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The exclusively aquatic phylum Cnidaria is represented by polyps such as sea anemones and corals, and by medusae such as jellyfish. ... Pp. 267-358 in F. W. Harrison and J. A. Westfall (eds.) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, volume 2: Placozoa, Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora. Wiley-Liss, New York and other cities.
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; I wonder how much deeper the ocean would be without sponges ... Porifera Main. ... Introduction to the Porifera. More is here.
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cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/phylum_porifera.htm
cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/phylum_porifera.htm
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Sponge Facts and Figures ... * Approximately 9,000 species only 100 in freshwater. ... * Large sponges can filter 1500 L of water per day.
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www.d.umn.edu/biology/courses/bio1112/Porifera.html
www.d.umn.edu/biology/courses/bio1112/Porifera.html
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