Physical dependence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Physical dependence refers to a state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced tolerance and where negative physical symptoms of withdrawal result from abrupt discontinuation or dosage ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_dependence
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Addiction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The term " addiction " is used in many contexts to describe an obsession, compulsion, or excessive psychological dependence, such as: drug addiction (e.g. alcoholism), video game addiction, crime, m...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction
Physiological dependence on a drug occurs when nerve cells have adapted so well to the drug that they require the drug for normal functioning. A person is physiologically dependent on a drug when sudden drug abstinence is followed by withdrawal signs.
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In the event of physical dependence, the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms results in renewed nicotine intake. Psychological and physiological dependence could be very different among smokers and this has important implications on the motivation for smoking cessation.
www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/7778321
CONCLUSIONS: The designation of dependence in the context of tolerance or withdrawal identifies individuals with more severe clinical histories. These results support the importance of the designation of a physiological component to dependence, especially for people who have experienced a withdrawal syndrome.
www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/9892296
The clinical presentation of substance use disorders often includes the element of physiological dependence, defined as "a state of adaptation to a drug or alcohol, usually characterized by the development of tolerance to drug effects and the emergence of a withdrawal syndrome during prolonged abstinence" (Rinaldi et...
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Differing views of its potential for producing dependence are discussed. The consensus opinion is taken to be that a risk of psychological dependence does exist, but only one case has appeared in the medical literature to date of physiological dependence on chlormethiazole, with withdrawal symptoms.
bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/128/4/375
Physiological dependence -- A state of dependency or addiction in which one has physically adapted to a substance and often requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect. Physical distress may be experienced upon discontinuing use of the drug.
www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org/PUBS/drugid/glossary.html
A multidimensional assessment battery able to diagnose the presence of physiological dependence according to each of three systems--the criteria of DSM-IV alternative dichotomous criteria and a dimensional scale--was administered about 2 weeks after admission, and 241 subjects were reinterviewed 6 months later.
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Addiction and Dependence; (See: Drugs in American Society, 5th, 6th, and 7th editions, Erich Goode, McGraw-Hill, 1999/2007. Chapter 1. ... Psychological and Physiological Dependence are separate, independent and overlapping phenomena ... Psychological dependence exists along a continuum. Physiological dependence is either/or.
www.umsl.edu/~rkeel/180/addict.html
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