Racial quota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Racial quotas in employment and education are numerical requirements for hiring, promoting, admitting and/or graduating members of a particular racial group while discriminating other racial groups. ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_quota
Quota system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Quota System can refer to: •Quota System (Royal Navy), a system in place from 1795 to 1815 for manning British naval ships •Reservations in India •Quota Borda system
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quota_system
quota system: Definition and Pronunciation ... ; 1. a system, originally determined by legislation in 1921, of limiting by nationality the number of immigrants who may enter the U.S. each year. ... 3. any hiring or admissions policy requiring that a specified number or percentage of minority group members be hired or admitted.
dictionary.factmonster.com/quota-system dictionary.factmonster.com/quota-system
Quota systems allow more women to gain elected offic ... In Africa, there are three main quota systems: ... Much like the debate around affirmative action, those opposed to quota systems say they discriminate against men.
www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no1/181women.ht... www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no1/181women.htm
In Europe minimum price systems are currently being applied to a large extent. Some countries, on the other hand, apply a quota model, which is often presented as an allegedly more efficient promotion tool. However, in comparison to quota systems, minimum price systems clearly perform better;
www.wind-works.org/FeedLaws/Germany/BWE%20Minimum%20pri... www.wind-works.org/FeedLaws/Germany/BWE%20Minimum%20price%20system%20compared%20with%20the%20Background_Systeme_eng.pdf
The system invites legal challenges, and many courts have supported these challenges. ... Few companies are able to prove to the satisfaction of the courts that their quota systems accurately identify poor performers.
topten.org/content/tt.AE439.htm
to require hiring, firing, or promotion of employees in order to meet a racial 'quota' or to achieve a certain racial balance." -- ... "Affirmative action" and "quota systems" were never meant to be synonymous. Affirmative action began as a way to reach out to people who had been discriminated against in the past.
www.scvleon.com/signal/lw020195.htm
U-M admissions systems use quota, lawyers say ... The University of Michigan's admissions systems are an extreme form of racial preference that lack a compelling interest to justify the use of race, three white students argued in briefs filed with the U.S. Supreme Court late Thursday.
aad.english.ucsb.edu/docs/op40.html
The debate in literature and in the public sphere surrounding any gender equality legislature, quota systems included, needs be studied as all arguments for and against such actions should be a part of devising the most effective strategies based on balanced recommendations.
www.policy.hu/renc-roe/Research%20outline.html
"Quota systems that use race to include or exclude people from higher education and the opportunities it offers are divisive, unfair and impossible to square with the Constitution," Bush said.
www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/15/bush.affirmativeacti... www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/15/bush.affirmativeaction/