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From a Darwinian viewpoint, the existence of altruism in nature is at first sight puzzling, as Darwin himself realized. Natural selection leads us to expect animals to behave in ways that increase their own chances of survival and reproduction, not those of others. ... 4. Reciprocal Altruism...
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plato.stanford.edu/entries/altruism-biological/
plato.stanford.edu/entries/altruism-biological/
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Reciprocal altruism - How repeated, reciprocated exchange allows Altruism between non-kin ... Reciprocal Altruism, first proposed by Trivers, explains how a pattern of repeated altruistic behaviour can occur between the same individuals (not necessarily of the same family or even species).
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www.altruists.org/324
www.altruists.org/324
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Tit for tat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Tit for tat is a highly effective strategy in game theory for the iterated prisoner's dilemma. It was first introduced by Anatol Rapoport in Robert Axelrod's two tournaments, held around 1980. Based ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tit_for_tat
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An apparently altruistic behavior performed with the understanding that the recipient will reciprocate at some future date. ... Biology Glossary search by EverythingBio.com ... Website created and maintained by: Mark Lefers and the Holmgren Lab last updated: July 26, 200...
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www.biochem.northwestern.edu/holmgren/Glossary/Definiti...
www.biochem.northwestern.edu/holmgren/Glossary/Definitions/Def-R/reciprocal_altruism.html
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These animals are showing behaviour known as 'reciprocal altruism', which simply means that they lend each other favours in the expectation that the favours will be repaid some time in the future. A bat which one day might be bloated by a great meal, might on another evening be less lucky and be in need of help itself.
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www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/mammals/explore/altruism.s...
www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/mammals/explore/altruism.shtml
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The science behind the evolution of humanity and social responsibility ... Reciprocal altruism is a form of sharing or kindness that results in mutual benefit. To exist, it requires other animals to return the favour regularly and for an animal to be able to grant a large benefit to another at a small cost to itself.
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www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/articles/personali...
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/articles/personalityandindividuality/morals.shtml
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Reciprocal Altruism: Vampire bats are one of the rare mammals that exhibit altruism, in this case sharing food at cost with recipient bats with no directly apparent benefits. ... Male social organization violates two of Trivers' criteria for the evolution of reciprocal altruism: low dispersal rates (which would...
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www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/Behavior/Spring2002/...
www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/Behavior/Spring2002/perry/altruism.html
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Because of this, reciprocal altruism became a good evolutionary strategy. Biologists and psychologists wondered for years why it evolved, because it didn't seem to offer any survival advantage.
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www.businesspundit.com/reciprocal-altruism-and-teamwork...
www.businesspundit.com/reciprocal-altruism-and-teamwork-using-human-nature-to-motivate-employees/
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Humans show altruism even for chance acquaintances whom they will never meet again (non-reciprocal altruism). ... Humans show altruism even for chance acquaintances whom they will never meet again (non-reciprocal altruism). With respect to evolutionary and economic perspectives, reciprocal altruism is not actually...
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www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/16870355
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