Paranthropus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The robust australopithecines , members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus (Greek para "beside", Greek anthropos "human"), were bipedal hominids that probably descended from the gracile...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranthropus
Australopithecus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The genus Australopithecus (Latin australis "southern", Greek πίθηκος pithekos "ape") is a genus of extinct hominids, made up of the gracile australopiths , and formerly also included thei...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus
The robust forms have bigger grinding teeth, more robust jaws and more bulky chewing muscles and muscle attachments. The remainder of the skeleton:The gracile and robust australopithecines were roughly comparable, with the robust having a slightly greater stature.
www.stanford.edu/~harryg/protected/chp18.htm
The species here are listed roughly in order of appearance in the fossil record (note that this ordering is not meant to represent an evolutionary sequence), except that the robust australopithecines are kept together.
www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/species.html
The other form of australopithecine, robust, also has two subgroups: Australopithecus boiseiand Australopithecus robustus.Each was about the same height as the gracile variety, but was built much heavier. Both had relatively long ... For further information and photographs on the different australopithecines species,
facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/students/s97/bonetgar/robust.ht... facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/students/s97/bonetgar/robust.htm
Some paleoanthropologists have proposed that neither africanus nor afarensis were ancestral to the robust australopithecines. In other words, the division between robust and gracile forms occurred earlier, perhaps at the time of anamensis or before.
anthro.palomar.edu/hominid/australo_2.htm
Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Australopithecines (Foundations of Human Behavior) (Hardcover) ... In paleoanthropology the group of hominids known as the "robust" australopithecines has emerged as one of the most interesting. Through them we have the opportunity to examine the origin, natural history,
www.amazon.com/Evolutionary-History-Australopithecines-... www.amazon.com/Evolutionary-History-Australopithecines-Foundations-Behavior/dp/0202020312
Ever since the discovery of the hominds we call Paranthropus robustus in 1938 and Paranthropus boisei in 1959, the dietary habits of these "robust australopithecines" have been controversial.
scienceblogs.com/laelaps/2008/04/robust_australopitheci... scienceblogs.com/laelaps/2008/04/robust_australopithecines_and.php
www.utexas.edu/courses/denbow/labs/ausrobust.htm www.utexas.edu/courses/denbow/labs/ausrobust.htm
For one thing, they could explain the difference between robust and non-robust australopithecines. We know from isotope data (reviewed in this 2005 post about Matt Sponheimer's work) that A. africanus and A. robustus had similar fractions of C3 and C4 plant source foods in their diets.
johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/early_hominids/diet/ungar-... johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/early_hominids/diet/ungar-2008-microwear.html