Roman Scourge or Flagrum. The Romans would, according to custom, scourge a condemned criminal before he was put to death. The Roman scourge, also called the "flagrum" or "flagellum" was a short whip made of two or three leather (ox-hide) thongs or ropes connected to a handle as in the sketch above. The Roman Scourge;
www.bible-history.com/past/flagrum.html
Believe it or not, designing an accurate reproduction of a Roman scourging whip is much harder than making a remote control eagle (which appears so lifelike they have fooled audiences into believe they were watching a real eagle up on stage).
naturesdesignsonline.com/Cat-of-nine-tails.htm
Before Christ was sent to be crucified, the Roman soldiers beat Him with this lead-tipped whip, called a flagrum or sometimes a flagellum. On studying the Shroud of Turin, scientists have determined that the flagrum used to whip Our Lord consisted of three seperate thongs, each ending in a set of two lead balls.
www.indyprops.com/pp-flagrum.htm
My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions]. The name testifies to the pain caused by the arachnid. To its generous Roman
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scourge
In the Roman Empire, flagellation was often used as a prelude to crucifixion, and in this context is sometimes referred to as scourging. Whips with small...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellation
The scourge is a whip with one or more lashes attached to its handle. .... Roman scourgings were much more severe than Jewish ones.
users.netnitco.net/~legend01/scourge.htm
It was the normal procedure of the Romans to flog the victim until his blood began to flow.11 "Roman scourging was so severe that victims often died under it. For one charged as Jesus was, with sedition, it would have been merciless." 12...
www.biblestudy.org/basicart/the-final-hours-in-the-life... www.biblestudy.org/basicart/the-final-hours-in-the-life-of-jesus-1.html
There is much disagreement among authorities about the unusual scourging as a prelude to crucifixion. Most Roman writers from this period do not associate the two. The Roman legionnaire steps forward with the flagrum (or flagellum) in his hand. This is a short whip consisting of several heavy, leather thongs with...
www.konnections.com/Kcundick/crucifix.html
THE WOUNDS OF CHRIST Pain is common to all men, old and young, rich and poor, educated and illiterate. The Jesus was lacerated by steel thongs at the end of the scourging whip. This Roman...
www.raptureready.com/resource/delong/mm8.htm
Scourging usually preceded a Roman execution. The normal instrument was a short whip called a flagellum. It was composed of several single or braided leather thongs of variable lengths, in which small iron balls or sharp pieces of sheep bones were tied at intervals.
www.lifeway.com/passion/bts_perspective_1.asp