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In 1993, a Supreme Court majority led by O'Connor ruled in Shaw vs. Reno that race could not be the dominant factor when redrawing congressional districts, unless there was some compelling state interest such as eliminating racial discrimination.
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archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/4/18/163356....
archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/4/18/163356.shtml
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Ruth O. Shaw, et al. Appellee; Janet Reno, U.S. Attorney General, et al. Appellant's Claim; That the state of North Carolina created an unconstitutional racially gerrymandered district, which violates the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.
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law.jrank.org/pages/13419/Shaw-v-Reno.html
law.jrank.org/pages/13419/Shaw-v-Reno.html
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Robinson O. Everett (Argued the cause for the appellants) ... Edwin S. Kneedler (Argued the cause for the federal appellees) ... Decision: 5 votes for Shaw, 4 vote(s) against; Legal provision: Equal Protection...
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www.oyez.org/cases/1990-1999/1992/1992_92_357
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District 1 has been compared to a "Rorschach ink-blot test," Shaw v. Barr, 808 F. Supp. 461, 476 (EDNC 1992) (Voorhees, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part), and a "bug splattered on a windshield," Wall Street Journal, Feb. 4, 1992, p. A14.
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www.blackpast.org/?q=primary/shaw-v-reno-1993
www.blackpast.org/?q=primary/shaw-v-reno-1993
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FindLaw | Find a Lawyer. Find Answers. ... SHAW v. RENO, 509 U.S. 630 (1993) ... RUTH O. SHAW, ET AL., APPELLANTS v. JANET RENO, ATTORNEY GENERAL ; ET AL. APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA ; No. 92-357 ; Argued April 20, 1993 ; Decided June 28, 1993 ;
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laws.findlaw.com/US/509/630.html
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Subscribe to Cases that cite 509 U.S. 630 ... US Supreme Court Center> US Supreme Court Cases & Opinions> Volume 509 > SHAW ET AL. v. RENO, ATTORNEY GENERAL, ET AL. 509 U.S. 630...
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supreme.justia.com/us/509/630/
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SHAW et al. v. RENO, ATTORNEY GENERAL, et al. ... NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for...
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supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/92-357.ZS.html
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Shaw also created a new and subjective cause of action based on district shape. Countless oddly shaped districts exist across the country. For example, one fishhook-shaped district in North Carolina was drawn decades ago to protect a white incumbent's turf.
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academic.udayton.edu/race/04needs/Voting03d.htm
academic.udayton.edu/race/04needs/Voting03d.htm
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Shaw vs. Reno turns redistricting upside down ... C. Robert Heath speaks during Shaw vs. Reno workshop, which explored new redistricting criteria in light of the census and recent court decisions. ... Shaw vs. Reno; Most governments redistricted in 1991 and 1992. In 1993, the Supreme Court acknowledged a cause of action...
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www.naco.org/cnews/2000/00-7-31/shaw.htm
www.naco.org/cnews/2000/00-7-31/shaw.htm
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