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The western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, is the most widely distributed and destructive defoliator of coniferous forests in Western North America. ... The first recorded western spruce budworm outbreak was in 1909 on the southeastern part of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada.
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www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/westbw/fidl-wbw.htm
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Spruce Budworm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Spruce budworms and relatives are a group of closely related insects in the genus Choristoneura . Most are serious pests of conifers. There are nearly a dozen Choristoneura species, subspecie...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce_Budworm
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The western spruce budworm is the most widely distributed and destructive forest defoliator in western North America. The most commonly infested hosts are Douglas-fir and white fir. ... The western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, is the most widely distributed and destructive forest defoliator in...
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www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/05543.html
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WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM ; (Choristoneura occidentalis) ... Impact: As western spruce budworm is a defoliating insect, it doesn't necessarily kill trees. However, severe defoliation will kill a conifer in one year, and repeated infestation year after year will severely weaken the tree, causing loss in growth and predisposing...
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ext.nrs.wsu.edu/forestryext/foresthealth/notes/westernb...
ext.nrs.wsu.edu/forestryext/foresthealth/notes/westernbudworm.htm
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Spruce budworm; Choristoneura fumiferana; Order Lepidoptera, Family Tortricidae; tortricids; Native pest; Host plants: Balsam fir is preferred, but white, red, and black spruces, larch, pine, and western hemlock are also susceptible.
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www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/web/202sprucebudworm.pdf
www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/web/202sprucebudworm.pdf
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Britannica online encyclopedia article on spruce budworm (insect), Larva of a leaf roller moth (Choristoneura fumiferana), one of the most destructive North American pests. ... It attacks evergreens, feeding on needles and pollen, and can completely defoliate spruce and related trees, causing much loss for the lumber...
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www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/561453/spruce-budwor...
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/561453/spruce-budworm
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Informations on Spruce budworm ... Spruce budworm damage appears in May. Evidence of a spruce budworm infestation includes the destruction of buds, abnormal spreading of new twigs, defoliation of current-year shoots and, if an affected branch is disturbed, the presence of large numbers of larvae suspended from strands of silk.
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imfc.cfl.scf.rncan.gc.ca/insecte-insect-eng.asp?geID=12...
imfc.cfl.scf.rncan.gc.ca/insecte-insect-eng.asp?geID=12018&ind=S
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The Spruce Budworm Model ... The spruce budworm crawls upon and consumes the leaves of coniferous trees. Excessive consumption can damage and kill the host. The budworms themselves are eaten primarily by birds, who eat many other insects as well.
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www.stolaf.edu/people/mckelvey/envision.dir/spruce.html
www.stolaf.edu/people/mckelvey/envision.dir/spruce.html
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Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the most important spruce defoliator in Canada and Northern US. ... These pictures were scanned from the book "Recent Advances in Spruce Budworms Research" edited by C.J.Sanders et al. Ottawa (Ontario), 1985.
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www.ma.utexas.edu/users/davis/375/popecol/lec13/chorist...
www.ma.utexas.edu/users/davis/375/popecol/lec13/chorist.html
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