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A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could: ... There are many different ways that DNA can be changed, resulting in different types of mutation. Here is a quick summary of a few of these:
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evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutatio...
evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutations_03
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Knowing a few basic types of mutations can help you understand why some mutations have major effects and some may have no effect at all. ... A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could:
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evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIC3aTypes.shtml
evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIC3aTypes.shtml
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All of the types of mutation described above have been observed in human globin genes. Their consequences depend on what they do to the level of expression of the gene product and/or on what amino acid substitution may have occurred and where it is in the protein.
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www-personal.ksu.edu/~bethmont/mutdes.html
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DNA expression mutation; There are many types of mutations that change not the protein itself but where and how much of a protein is made. These types of changes in DNA can result in proteins being made at the wrong time or in the wrong cell type.
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www.genetichealth.com/g101_changes_in_dna.shtml
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Often though, morphological mutants are the direct result of a mutation in a biochemical pathway. In humans, albinism is the result of a mutation in the pathway from converts the amino acid tyrosine to the skin pigment melanin.
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www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/mutation/mu...
www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/mutation/mutation4.htm
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Mutation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In biology, a mutation is a randomly derived change to the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an organism. Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell d...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation
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Types of mutation and their effects ... Mutation Studies by Joe Boxhorn ... Appendix I - mutation rates...
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www.talkorigins.org/faqs/mutations.html
www.talkorigins.org/faqs/mutations.html
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With a missense mutation, the new nucleotide alters the codon so as to produce an altered amino acid in the protein product. ... With a nonsense mutation, the new nucleotide changes a codon that specified an amino acid to one of the STOP codons (TAA, TAG, or TGA). Therefore, translation of the messenger RNA transcribed...
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users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mutat...
users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mutations.html
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