Caliphate of Córdoba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic: خلافة قرطبة Khilāfat Qurṭuba ) ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus ) and North Africa from the city of Córdoba, from 929 to 1031. This period was character...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate_of_Córdoba
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History of Syria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article deals with the history of Syria, and the nations (or pre-national civilizations) previously occupying its territory. Archaeologists have demonstrated that civilization in Syria was one of...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Syria
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This is not to say that the Umayyad caliphate was not unmarred by degeneracy and downright cruelty. But the Umayyads seem to be fairly uninterested in religious questions or the religious obligations of their position—it is rather as secular and secularizing rulers that their interest and greatness lies.
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www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Umayyad.ht...
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Umayyad.html
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His ascendance to the caliphate in 684 established the Marwanid line of Umayyad caliphs. As he died a year later, the task of reunification was placed in the hands of his son, Abd al-Malik. ... The Umayyad Caliphate, A.A. Dixon, London 1970...
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www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm
www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/umayyads.htm
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Under his governorship Syria became the most prosperous province of the caliphate. Muawiyah created a professional army and, although rigorous in training them, won the undying loyalty of his troops for ... The Umayyad Muslims established a military government in Syria and used the country primarily as a base of operations.
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countrystudies.us/syria/5.htm
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However, following the assassination of cAli ibn Abi Talib—Muhammad's cousin, son-in-law, and fourth caliph (r. 656–61)—in 661, Mucawiya, the governor of Syria under the Rightly Guided Caliphs, seized power and established the Umayyad caliphate, the first Islamic dynasty (661–750). During Mucawiya's reign...
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www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/umay/hd_umay.htm
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On July 19, 711, an army of Arabs and Berbers unified under the aegis of the Islamic Umayyad caliphate landed on the Iberian Peninsula. Over the next seven years, through diplomacy and warfare, they brought the entire peninsula except for Galicia and Asturias in the far north under Islamic control;
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www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sumay/hd_sumay.htm
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Glossary definition of the term "Umayyad Caliphate" from your About.com Guide to Asian History. ... Umayyad Caliphate: The second Islamic caliphate, which was founded in Arabia after the Prophet Muhammad's death. The Umayyads ruled the Islamic world from Damascus between 661 and 750 A.D., when the caliphate was overthrown...
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asianhistory.about.com/od/glossarytz/g/UmayyadGlos.htm
asianhistory.about.com/od/glossarytz/g/UmayyadGlos.htm
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The Umayyads are most famous for the buildings they erected, like the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem (690s) and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus (705). The Umayyads extended its territories massively during its Caliphate, at least until the 710s. Most of the new land was to the west in Africa and...
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i-cias.com/e.o/umayyad.htm
i-cias.com/e.o/umayyad.htm
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