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West Nile virus (WNV) is an infectious disease that first appeared in the United States in 1999. Infected mosquitoes spread the virus that causes it. People who contract WNV usually have no symptoms or mild symptoms.
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www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/westnilevirus.html
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/westnilevirus.html
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A small number of people (less than 1%) who are infected with West Nile virus do become seriously ill, though. They are usually people over the age of 50 who are at greater risk of developing a more ... You should reapply these according to the directions on the product label, which is often not more than once a day.
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kidshealth.org/teen/infections/bacterial_viral/west_nil...
kidshealth.org/teen/infections/bacterial_viral/west_nile.html
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For the past few summers, mosquito season has been more than an annoyance in some areas of the United States. The threat of West Nile virus has made getting a mosquito bite a cause for concern throughout the country.
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kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/outdoor/west_nile.h...
kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/outdoor/west_nile.html
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West Nile Virus in the Northeastern United States ... Spraying toxic pesticides to combat WNv, may cause more harm than good, ... It shows once again that relying on risk assessment leads to bad public health decisions. EPA's risk assessments have routinely failed to evaluate the breakdown by-products of the chemical pesticides...
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www.meepi.org/wnv/overkillma.htm
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In Africa, where West Nile Virus has been recognized for more than sixty years and where it is widespread, there have been very few human epidemics. In fact, West Nile Virus infection is characterized by its sporadic outbreak in humans, even in areas where it is endemic in birds.
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www.meepi.org/wnv/overkill.htm
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For young/healthy researchers who are not immunocompromised, West Nile Virus is unlikely to cause much more than a mild illness – typically “flu-like symptoms.” A more serious case of West Nile Virus in humans results in fever, disorientation, muscle weakness, neck stiffness, headache, nausea.
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www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET/WNV.html
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Animals Other Than Birds and Entry of West Nile Virus into the New World ... Once paired, a male follows his mate back to her natal area, which ensures wide dispersal of male birds throughout the Mallard's entire North American breeding range, a pattern seen in many duck species (43).
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www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol6no4/rappole.htm
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Based upon experience with other West Nile Virus epidemics, we know that typically less than one tenth of one percent of people bitten by infected mosquitoes develop any clinical signs of disease, and of those who do develop disease symptoms most do not develop the serious encephalitis manifestations.
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www.naba.org/wnvirus.html
www.naba.org/wnvirus.html
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Epidemic/Epizootic West Nile Virus in the United States: Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention, and Control; U.S. Department of Health and ... Non-human mammals, particularly equines, may also serve as effective sentinels because a high intensity of mosquito exposure makes them more likely to be infected than people.
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www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/wnv-guideli...
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/wnv-guidelines-apr-2001.pdf
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