Copula/Auxiliary Comparisons in African; American and Impaired Standard American; English; Copula/Auxiliary Comparisons in African; American and Impaired Standard American; University of Massachusetts Amherst; ... Most syntactic targets in SAE are presumably invariable while many syntactic targets in AAE are variable.
www.umass.edu/aae/burnscop.pdf
(2) Children do not seem to learn all members of the copula or the auxiliary "be" class simultaneously; in addition to varying patterns of initial uses, ...
www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=ED2099... www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=ED209932
occur before the auxiliary. In other studies of copula contraction and .... of copula and auxiliary environments) is not replicated (see table 9). ...
www.jstor.org/stable/455773
Information and interactive exercises on the syntax of Modern English auxiliaries. ... While the class of auxiliaries contains several modal verbs, it should be borne in mind that verbs of modality are not auxiliaries by virtue of that fact. Neither are copulas necessarily auxiliaries;
www.mml.cam.ac.uk/aspects/assets/sjt39/ModAux.html
10. Phillips (1995) counted copulas as auxiliaries . Although our children were not yet using real auxliaries, this result confirms his claim that the Crisma effect could be due to the preponderance of auxiliaries in French children s questions.
citeseer.ist.psu.edu/context/1563986/0
Pass 4: Mark verbs with the following preceding codes: (a) Auxiliary verbs: @ (b) Modals: % (have to in English should be tagged as a modal) (Japanese should code all auxiliaries and modals as auxiliaries.) (c) Main verbs (including infinitives and gerunds): * (put the * before the to/infinitive marker, if any) DO NOT...
www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/connorlj/flirt/docs/coding.... www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/connorlj/flirt/docs/coding.htm
Across languages, copulas occur as auxiliaries of main verbs to carry aspect, tense and mood features. However, the aT copula never occurs as an auxiliary; it does not carry any aspect or tense or mood feature; it takes only the subject agreement features.
lumiere.ens.fr/~amari/genius/Seminar.htm
Summary: According to studies, speech disorders with unknown causes (idiopathic) affect approximately 5% of the population at some point in ... deletion of grammatical markers such as copulas, auxiliaries, prepositions, connectives; poor ability to self-correct; poor awareness of errors; and consonant cluster reduction.
clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/detail/A_1996-N-0088.html
A selection of articles related to possessive pronouns ... and in informal speech, pronouns and other words, especially copulas and auxiliaries, may sometimes be dropped, especially from the beginnings of sentences: [Have] you ever been there? or [Have you] ever been there?
www.experiencefestival.com/possessive_pronouns
A selection of articles related to null subject languages ... and in informal speech, pronouns and other words, especially copulas and auxiliaries, may sometimes be dropped, especially from the beginnings of sentences: [Have] you ever been there? or [Have you] ever been there?
www.experiencefestival.com/null_subject_languages
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