abstract. It is suggested that the rhynchonellid brachiopods survived to the present day whilst all other forms with spirolophous lophophores became extinct ...
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palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2030/Pages%20853-...
palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2030/Pages%20853-857.pdf
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brachiopods became extinct during the end-Ordovician extinction. .... margin of Laurentia, but they did not penetrate into the interior epeiric seas. ...
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doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00116.x
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Of lamp shells and lophophores. . . ... Brachiopods are marine animals that, upon first glance, look like clams. They are actually quite different from clams in their anatomy, and they are not closely related to the molluscs. They are lophophorates, and so are related to the Bryozoa ... Although they seem rare in today's seas,
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www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/brachiopoda/brachiopoda.html
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/brachiopoda/brachiopoda.html
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What can we expect as global change progresses? ... thus, the Hirnantian extinctions comprise the second phase of Late Ordovician brachiopod mass mortality. Taken together, approximately two-thirds of the early-middle Ashgill brachiopods became extinct by the end of the second phase of mass mortality.
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www.nap.edu/books/0309051274/html/43.html
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However, the reptiles become the dominant land fauna, such as Dimetrodon which is a common carnivorous reptile. It reached a length of 3.5 metres (11 feet). The first mammal-like ... At the end of the Permian period, 248 million years ago, many groups of animals including the Goniatites and Trilobites become extinct.
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www.bobainsworth.com/fossil/palaeozoic.htm
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More than one half of all the species on Earth became extinct. In some places 75% to 90% of the life forms vanished from the scene never to be seen again ... (f) Tropical insects should have become extinct, but persist into the Tertiary. (g) The dinosaurs appear to have undergone gradual extinction in at least some locations.
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www.livingcosmos.com/k-t.htm
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The physical merger of Avalonia, Baltica, and Laurentia wouldn't leave room for three different species of brachiopod that did exactly the same thing. These species would specialize or become extinct. To that extent, an end-Ordovician extinction would have occurred with or without an ice-age.
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www.palaeos.com/Paleozoic/Ordovician/LateOrd.2.html
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Although the land was barren, the shallow seas teamed with primitive life: trilobites, brachiopods, worms, sponges, and many other forms which have since become extinct. And among the continents, Gondwana, at the bottom right, stands over the rest in the same way that the "world-island" of Europe and Asia does today...
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www.palaeos.com/Earth/Geography/Gondwana.htm
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The decline of brachiopods in the Mesozoic is probably related to competition with bivalves. Once the strophomenids had become extinct the bivalves were able to colonize habitats within the sediment (infaunal), which were thenceforth denied ... once the brachiopod became large enough it would break off and become free-lying.
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science.jrank.org/pages/47373/brachiopods.html
science.jrank.org/pages/47373/brachiopods.html
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