Historically, the first adjuvant was tapioca, added to diphtheria or tetanus toxoid in 1925. In 1926 it was discovered that aluminum salts were effective and these alum adjuvants are still the only licensed vaccine adjuvants in the United States.
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effectmeasure.blogspot.com/2006/04/vaccines-little-help...
effectmeasure.blogspot.com/2006/04/vaccines-little-helpers.html
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Sep 22, 2009 ... Among his first adjuvants were bread crumbs and tapioca. Within a few years, scientists discovered that aluminum salts could prompt an ...
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www.nytimes.com/2009/09/22/health/22vacc.html
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The adjuvant may be conveniently incorporated in the vaccine before the latter is distributed into containers, ... Considerable work has been reported in the literature with regard to vaccine adjuvants. Illustrative is the addition of tapioca or calcium chloride to intensify antitoxin immunization; the use of calcium...
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www.freepatentsonline.com/3885011.html
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US Patent References: ... 5444095 Use of deprenyl to rescue damaged nerve cells Tatton et al. 514/654 ... 5844003 Use of deprenyl compounds to maintain, prevent loss, or recover nerve cell function Tatton et al. 514/654...
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www.freepatentsonline.com/6492427.html
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ADJUVANTS IN PRODUCTION OF DELAYED HYPERSENSnTVITY R, G. White independent of any adjuvant effect on humoral antibody since. (i) adjuvants such as tapioca, ...
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bmb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/1/39.pdf
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Several other adjuvant substancesalso have been considered such as tapioca, calcium or magnesium salts, tannin and the like which when added to certain ...
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www.patentstorm.us/patents/4310550/description.html
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-GalCer acted as a nasal adjuvant and as a vaginal adjuvant and protection was independent of MyD88 since TLR deficient mice were protected in a similar way to wild type mice. French Dr. Ramon showed that tapioca was the first useful adjuvant;
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www.finlay.sld.cu/publicaciones/vaccimonitor/Vm2009/Rep...
www.finlay.sld.cu/publicaciones/vaccimonitor/Vm2009/Rep1.pdf
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The discovery of adjuvants dates back to 1925 and 1926, when Ramon (quoted by Gupta et al., 1993) showed that the antitoxin response to tetanus and diphtheria was increased by injection of these vaccines, together with other compounds such as agar, tapioca, ... The adjuvant emulsion may be widely disseminated in varrious organs,
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www.whale.to/vaccine/adjuvants.html
www.whale.to/vaccine/adjuvants.html
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Ramon administered tapioca to horses to produce strong antitoxic sera, the effectiveness of Freund's adjuvants allowed many scientific advances and for ...
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linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1567576903000110
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